{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T11:17:50Z","timestamp":1770463070402,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFC1521104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC1521104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72192821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72192821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61972157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61972157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2021SHZDZX0102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SHZDZX0102"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21511101200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21511101200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22YF1420300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22YF1420300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Art Major Project of National Social Science Fund","award":["I8ZD22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I8ZD22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Biom. Behav. Identity Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tbiom.2022.3220406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T20:34:44Z","timestamp":1667939684000},"page":"508-521","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Structure Destruction and Content Combination for Generalizable Anti-Spoofing"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9789-2740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengyang","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4575-061X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junyi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"given":"Ke-Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youtu Lab, Tencent, Shanghai, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2359-1523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taiping","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youtu Lab, Tencent, Shanghai, China"}]},{"given":"Shouhong","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youtu Lab, Tencent, Shanghai, China"}]},{"given":"Lizhuang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00353"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2019.00203"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-05148-3"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00233"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2021.12.006"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2017.77"},{"key":"ref74","volume":"256","author":"lindeberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scale-Space Theory in Computer Vision"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1145\/3474085.3475279","article-title":"Adaptive normalized representation learning for generalizable face anti-spoofing","author":"liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc 29th ACM Int Conf Multimedia"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00503"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i2.16199"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2012.6199754"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the effectiveness of local binary patterns in face anti-spoofing","author":"chingovska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Biom Special Interest Group (BIOSIG)"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2403306"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2020.3002390"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2018.2801312"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-20065-6_20"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2021.3125603"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00851"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i07.6873"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503161.3547769"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW50498.2020.00333"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2021\/177"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW54120.2021.00098"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58571-6_33"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46478-7_6"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP40776.2020.9053587"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3345336.3345345"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.3036338"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBIOM.2021.3066983"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2021.3089908"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"83","article-title":"DoFNet: Depth of field difference learning for detecting image forgery","author":"jeong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Asian Conf Comput Vis (ACCV)"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV51458.2022.00305"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00530"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01479"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBIOM.2019.2949364"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Deep learning for face anti-spoofing: A survey","author":"yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv 2106 14948"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2021.3102448"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00048"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i07.6866"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00509"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"4244","article-title":"Generalized face anti-spoofing by detecting pulse from face videos","author":"li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Pattern Recognit (ICPR)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBIOM.2021.3065526"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2016.03.019"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46654-5_67"},{"key":"ref95","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Visualizing data using t-SNE","volume":"9","author":"maaten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33904-3_17"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2466088"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00566"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-5281-2014-2"},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"1","article-title":"Face spoofing detection from single images using micro-texture analysis","author":"m\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Int Joint Conf Biom (IJCB)"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00534"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58523-5_24"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58529-7_38"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00671"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"Aurora guard: Reliable face anti-spoofing via mobile lighting system","author":"zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv 2102 00713"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01026"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00481"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2017.8272713"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"121","article-title":"LBP-TOP based countermeasure against face spoofing attacks","author":"de freitas pereira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Asian Conf Comput Vis (ACCV)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2013.6612981"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2021\/120"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2013.6612955"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2013.6712690"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCB.2011.6117592"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2011.6116484"},{"key":"ref82","article-title":"Exploiting temporal and depth information for multi-frame face anti-spoofing","author":"wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1811 05118"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2016.2578288"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01261-8_18"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2016.2630740"},{"key":"ref84","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Learn convolutional neural network for face anti-spoofing","author":"yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv 1408 5601"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00362"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPTA.2016.7821013"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2400395"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"1","article-title":"Automatic differentiation in Pytorch","author":"paszke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 31st Conf Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBIOM.2020.2973504"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00365"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92627-8"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2020.3013214"},{"key":"ref85","article-title":"Meta anti-spoofing: Learning to learn in face anti-spoofing","author":"zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv 1904 12490"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBIOM.2020.2973001"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2018.04.007"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2916652"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Live face detection based on the analysis of fourier spectra","author":"li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Biom Technol Human Identific"},{"key":"ref87","first-page":"1755","article-title":"DLIB-ML: A machine learning toolkit","volume":"10","author":"king","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref88","article-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","author":"kingma","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv 1412 6980"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2007.902037"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2007.4409068"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2016.2555286"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2015.7351280"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00732"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCB52358.2021.9484395"},{"key":"ref44","author":"mostaani","year":"2020","journal-title":"The high-quality wide multi-channel attack (hq-wmca) database"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBIOM.2020.3010312"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/8423754\/9970250\/09941341.pdf?arnumber=9941341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]],"date-time":"2023-03-11T14:26:50Z","timestamp":1678544810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9941341\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tbiom.2022.3220406","relation":{},"ISSN":["2637-6407"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2637-6407","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}}}