{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T21:06:00Z","timestamp":1780434360771,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"Image Manipulation Attack Resolving Solutions (iMARS) Project through the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program","award":["883356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["883356"]}]},{"name":"Interoperable applications suite to enhance European identity and document Security and fraud detection (EINSTEIN) Project through the European Union\u2019s Horizon Civil Security for Society Program","award":["101121280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101121280"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Biom. Behav. Identity Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tbiom.2025.3605525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T17:32:49Z","timestamp":1756834369000},"page":"154-168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["ChatGPT Encounters Morphing Attack Detection: Zero-Shot MAD With Multi-Modal Large Language Models and General Vision Models"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9547-8415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gj&#x00F8;vik, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0484-3956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raghavendra","family":"Ramachandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gj&#x00F8;vik, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9489-5161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiran","family":"Raja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gj&#x00F8;vik, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9159-2923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gj&#x00F8;vik, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-85729-932-1"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Face Analysis Technology Evaluation (FATE) Part 4: MORPH\u2014Performance of Automated Face Morph Detection: Morph-Performance of Automated Face Morph Detection","author":"Ngan","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2014.6996240"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV45572.2020.9093488"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Decoupling texture blending and shape warping in face morphing","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Biometr. Special Interest Group (BIOSIG)","author":"Ferrara"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/FUSION52260.2023.10224168"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBIOM.2021.3072349"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTS.2022.3231450"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTS.2021.3066254"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"GPT-4 technical report","volume-title":"arXiv:2303.08774","author":"Achiam","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP51287.2024.10647924"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3370437"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCB62174.2024.10744525"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG59268.2024.10581994"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTS.2021.3066254"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMEW59549.2023.00025"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW63382.2024.00436"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"SHIELD: An evaluation benchmark for face spoofing and forgery detection with multimodal large language models","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2402.04178"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomp.2023.981933"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EUVIP53989.2022.9922773"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3196773"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2018.8698576"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3328227"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW63382.2024.00158"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACVW52041.2021.00014"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Explainable visualization for morphing attack detection","volume-title":"Proc. 15th Norwegian Inf. Security Conf.","author":"Myhrvold"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-93694-4_14"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"24824","article-title":"Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"35","author":"Wei"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"Simonyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv:1409.1556"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Dinov2: Learning robust visual features without supervision","author":"Oquab","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2304.07193"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"8748","article-title":"Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Radford"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2017.228"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2020.2994750"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"3","article-title":"Morph-PIPE: Plugging in identity prior to enhance face morphing attack based on diffusion model","volume-title":"Proc. Norsk IKT-Konferanse Forskning Og Utdanning","author":"Zhang"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"SynMorph: Generating synthetic face morphing dataset with mated samples","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2409.05595"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00813"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00453"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Machine readable passports\u2014Part 1\u2014Introduction","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2016.2603342"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Methodologies to Evaluate the Resistance of Biometric Recognition Systems to Morphing Attacks","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Eurospeech.1997-504"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACVW65960.2025.00179"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW56347.2022.00167"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-015-0816-y"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.naacl-long.211"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"27730","article-title":"Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"35","author":"Ouyang"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2021.107965"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/8423754\/11400646\/11146683.pdf?arnumber=11146683","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T20:09:17Z","timestamp":1780430957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11146683\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tbiom.2025.3605525","relation":{},"ISSN":["2637-6407"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2637-6407","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}}}