{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T20:12:57Z","timestamp":1777407177206,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tbme.2022.3219863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T22:39:56Z","timestamp":1667860796000},"page":"1717-1728","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Performance of a Convolutional Neural Network Derived From PPG Signal in Classifying Sleep Stages"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1523-4251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahsan","family":"Habib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1618-3772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammod Abdul","family":"Motin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4304-0112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Penzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Sleep Medicine Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3635-4252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marimuthu","family":"Palaniswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Yearwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1814-0856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandan","family":"Karmakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22489\/CinC.2016.294-147"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73600-6_8"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1015","article-title":"Pulse rate variability in children with disordered breathing during different sleep stages","author":"dehkordi","year":"0","journal-title":"IEEE Conf Comput Cardiol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2020.05.032"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"PPG based automated sleep-wake classification using support vector machine","volume":"41","author":"motin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/abb5be"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-016-2365-x"},{"key":"ref58","author":"goodfellow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Deep Learning"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11573067_20"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2707460"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2008.04985.x"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-019-0197-0"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2015.0181"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW50498.2020.00359"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2019.8857761"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"297","article-title":"Sleep stage classification in children using photoplethysmogram pulse rate variability","author":"dehkordi","year":"0","journal-title":"IEEE Conf Comput Cardiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz180"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx097"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFSP.2018.8552074"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/htl.2016.0006"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Densely connected convolutional networks and signal quality analysis to detect atrial fibrillation using short single-lead ECG recordings","author":"rubin","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Comput Cardiol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbe.2019.06.001"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2022.3185290"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0048-x"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP40776.2020.9053800"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Feature representation and data augmentation for human activity classification based on wearable IMU sensor data using a deep LSTM neural network","volume":"18","author":"eyobu","year":"2018","journal-title":"SENSORS"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.243"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2020.2979608"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1803","article-title":"How to explain individual classification decisions","volume":"11","author":"baehrens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2019.2900923"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2017.2679108"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2018.8512405"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2019.108312"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2019.105116"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2017.05.005"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00235442"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/EUSIPCO.2019.8903012"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa098"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2011.11.005"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1995.7.1.108"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1996.8.3.643"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2018.2813138"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Automatic sleep stage scoring with single-channel EEG using convolutional neural networks","author":"tsinalis","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa098"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2017.2721116"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.06.010"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"A manual for standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages in human subjects","author":"anthony","year":"1968"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2015.2438544"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Data augmentation for time series classification using convolutional neural networks","author":"le guennec","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc ECML\/PKDD Workshop Adv Anal Learn Temporal Data"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2020.3014514"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UKRCON.2019.8879875"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22489\/CinC.2017.274-197"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3027289"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2021.3110665"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTSS.2012.63"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa045"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ab921d"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/aa9047"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2017.8037345"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22489\/CinC.2019.287"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.03.006"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2020.3020381"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2018.01.024"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2018.2872652"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108885"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","article-title":"Deep learning","volume":"521","author":"lecun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2022.3147187"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/10\/10129246\/09940577.pdf?arnumber=9940577","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T18:00:02Z","timestamp":1686592802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9940577\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tbme.2022.3219863","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9294","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}}}