{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T14:04:56Z","timestamp":1769177096389,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ECCS-2143898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECCS-2143898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tbme.2023.3322871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T18:44:43Z","timestamp":1696877083000},"page":"929-943","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Implementation Techniques for Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide Monitoring: Approaches for Wearable Smart Health Applications"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6905-1576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuna B.","family":"Tufan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Rhein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, UMass Chan Medical School, University of Massachusetts, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4723-4424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulkuhan","family":"Guler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.01.014"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Who coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Most recent national asthma data","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Arterial Blood Gases","volume-title":"Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations","author":"Trulock","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide","author":"Messina","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066616652597"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neonatal blood gas sampling methods","volume":"6","author":"Goenka","year":"2012","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Child Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/43.1.215"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.10.007"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2009.02930.x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02348078"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2020.3036330"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201311-387FR"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12702"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkThoracJ.2021.20032"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25217"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-01308-2"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24150\/ajhm\/2021.010"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1958.13.3.515"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.51.4.1027"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365513.2012.671490"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.06209"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"Technical Manual for Sentec Digital Monitor","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2008.08.005"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2019.8857020"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3081696"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BioCAS49922.2021.9644967"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12050333"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BioCAS54905.2022.9948600"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"9","article-title":"Why measure blood gases? A three-part introduction for the novice - Part 1","author":"Higgins","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"9","article-title":"Why measure blood gases? A three-part introduction for the novice - Part 2","author":"Higgins","year":"2012"},{"issue":"40","key":"ref32","first-page":"1058","article-title":"Hypo- and hyperventilation: Consequences for acid-base balance","volume":"80","author":"Krapf","year":"1991","journal-title":"Schweizerische Rundschau Fur Medizin Praxis"},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"Physiology, Acid Base Balance","author":"Hopkins","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6623093"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1984.325240"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"Sentec Transcutaneous Monitoring System","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4557-3383-5.00086-5"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-021-01134-2"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2023.3277398"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac970747g"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200207000-00031"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref42","first-page":"646","article-title":"Rapid measurement of the tension of carbon dioxide in the blood","volume":"38","author":"Stow","year":"1957","journal-title":"Archieves Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196011000-00014"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(74)90151-1"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2003.08.015"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-019-02067-x"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22030836"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mi12070845"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC44109.2020.9175876"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSENS.2016.7808788"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3130034"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20092745"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.04.016"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2015.05.007"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-46312-4"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.04.074"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lom.2014.12.63"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2006.05.085"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.983523"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2021.3094931"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00061a007"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-47057-8_1"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.6b10728"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2021.648553"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-15636-1"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NSSMIC.2010.5873991"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2896640"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2535403"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702011953261"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0102361"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESSCIRC55480.2022.9911496"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BioCAS58349.2023.10389056"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-56853-4_13"},{"key":"ref74","article-title":"Method and device for referencing fluorescence intensity signals","author":"Klimant","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2017.00396"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0100852"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9914364"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.0c01671"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000211078"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/31.10.1611"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22010188"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSENS.2004.1426271"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2006.884440"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/sensor.2005.1497296"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC46164.2021.9630469"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/36\/5\/883"},{"key":"ref87","article-title":"Sensor for detection of gas and method for detection of gas","author":"Rudmann","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"1","article-title":"Complete gas sensor circuit using nondispersive infrared (NDIR)","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Analog Dialogue"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216894"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac901890r"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2004.12.058"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.56.001225"},{"key":"ref93","volume-title":"TCM TOSCA\/CombiM Operators Manual","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2018.03.009"},{"issue":"Suppl 55","key":"ref95","first-page":"p907","article-title":"VentCheck: Spot measurement of combined oximetry & cutaneous carbon dioxide to screen for type II respiratory failure in respiratory illness","volume":"38","author":"Chaudhari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref96","article-title":"Real-time measurement of transcutaneous PCO2 vs arterial\/venous PCO2 in subjects with severe respiratory failure undergoing non-invasive ventilation on the emergency departmentAn observational study","volume":"46","author":"Horvath","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000510659"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref98","first-page":"249","article-title":"Noninvasive optical transcutaneous pCO2 gas sensor","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sensors Mater."},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2023.3251321"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/4243_2014_62"},{"key":"ref101","article-title":"What is MPPC (SIPM)?: Multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCS\/SIPMS)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2015.7062997"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2021.3092197"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2022.3150721"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-822548-6.00104-7"},{"key":"ref106","article-title":"Cutaneous carbon dioxide (PcCO2) and oxygen (PcO2) monitors - class II special controls guidance document for industry and FDA","year":"2002","journal-title":"U.S. Dept. Health Human Serv."},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iembs.2007.4352597"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BioCAS58349.2023.10388659"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2879970"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(93)90026-V"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12701670"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550310015419"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04549-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref114","first-page":"257","article-title":"Theory of oxygen transport to tissue","volume":"17","author":"Popel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref115","first-page":"156","article-title":"Poster: Towards hardware and software integration of noninvasive transcutaneous oxygen monitor","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE\/ACM Conf. Connected Health: Appl., Syst. Eng. Technol.","author":"Sen","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/10\/10445140\/10274108-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/10\/10445140\/10274108.pdf?arnumber=10274108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T19:11:42Z","timestamp":1735326702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10274108\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tbme.2023.3322871","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9294","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}}}