{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T04:17:15Z","timestamp":1777954635967,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2023YFE0205500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0205500"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62203374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62203374"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024A1515010160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1515010160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tbme.2025.3615264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T17:52:24Z","timestamp":1759168344000},"page":"1781-1793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fully On-Smartphone: Efficient Speed-Up of Sperm Tracking Algorithm for Point-of-Care Semen Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Yongbin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6674-2398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aojun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2195-181X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zidong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiachun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6671-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunfeng","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Boundless Medical Technology Company Ltd., China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongjie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Boundless Medical Technology Company Ltd., China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4466-2626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongan","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Shanghai University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5460-8481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junhui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4162-0240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changhai","family":"Ru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1527-4170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bolun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2818-6092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuexin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8737-4210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuoran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Infertility Prevalence Estimates: 19902021","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16793-3"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0041-87812004000600011"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2015"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2023.2170297"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/19396361003786293"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0578.2003.00039.x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aai7863"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5599\/obp.11.8"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.032"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac101845q"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.10.025"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.027"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aai7863"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.287"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2022.3208437"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18178\/ijmlc.2017.7.5.637"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3136907"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12454"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13061100"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCC56324.2022.10065602"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-024-01232-8"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCDC58219.2023.10326932"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01225"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Yolox: Exceeding yolo series in 2021","author":"Ge","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Design and Analysis of Modern Tracking Systems","author":"Blackman","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4111\/icu.2019.60.5.380"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.481539"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2009.934469"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBME.2011.6168568"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Monte Carlo Methods","author":"Hammersley","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2016.2630720"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00803"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00857"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.121135"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-023-09411-1"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"An Introduction to the Kalman Filter","author":"Welch","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"1027","article-title":"K-means : The advantages of careful seeding","volume-title":"Proc. SODA","volume":"7","author":"Arthur","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/10\/11500580\/11183839.pdf?arnumber=11183839","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:34:41Z","timestamp":1777923281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11183839\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tbme.2025.3615264","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9294","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}}}