{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T09:33:39Z","timestamp":1772530419202,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Brain-inspired Computing"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004314","name":"Hewlett-Packard Development Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tc.2020.2998456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]],"date-time":"2020-05-30T00:43:01Z","timestamp":1590799381000},"page":"1128-1142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["PANTHER: A Programmable Architecture for Neural Network Training Harnessing Energy-Efficient ReRAM"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2827-8306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aayush","family":"Ankit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Izzat El","family":"Hajj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sai Rahul","family":"Chalamalasetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3676-6986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sapan","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6537-1836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Marinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Foltin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John Paul","family":"Strachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9830-8588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dejan","family":"Milojicic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2532-5349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Mei","family":"Hwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0735-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaushik","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3079856.3080244"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3123939.3123977"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173162.3173171"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCA.2018.00039"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA.2018.00052"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2016.2521712"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3007787.3001178"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3037697.3037702"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCA.2018.00015"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3007787.3001164"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JETCAS.2018.2796379"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"A study of BFLOAT16 for deep learning training","author":"kalamkar","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/JRD.2017.2716579"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Mixed precision training","author":"micikevicius","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Training and inference with integers in deep neural networks","author":"wu","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"318","article-title":"Learning internal representations by error propagation","volume":"1","author":"rumelhart","year":"1986","journal-title":"Parallel Distrib Process"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201705914"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA.2016.7446049"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3218603.3218605"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5573\/JSTS.2014.14.3.356"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"ADC performance survey 1997&#x2013;2011","author":"murmann","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3524521"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3007787.3001139"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEDM.2008.4796676"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3079856.3080246"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3297858.3304049"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Pytorch-classification","author":"yang","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3007787.3001140"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA.2017.55"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3061639.3062326"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MICRO.2014.58"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/27\/36\/365202"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2017.2761740"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2011.2107214"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE.2017.7926952"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"cifar-vgg","author":"geifman","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2018.053631140"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Training high-performance and large-scale deep neural networks with full 8-bit integers","author":"yang","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Revisiting small batch training for deep neural networks","author":"masters","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"7675","article-title":"Training deep neural networks with 8-bit floating point numbers","author":"wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Neural Inf Process"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"caffe","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3061639.3062310"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Incentivizing exploration in reinforcement learning with deep predictive models","author":"stadie","year":"2015","journal-title":"NIPS 2015 Workshop on Deep Reinforcement Learning"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2016.7727298"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2200\/S00737ED1V01Y201610AIM033"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Computers"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/12\/9136938\/9104022-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/12\/9136938\/09104022.pdf?arnumber=9104022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T14:09:57Z","timestamp":1651068597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9104022\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tc.2020.2998456","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9340","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9956","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2326-3814","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]}}}