{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T06:04:58Z","timestamp":1773813898068,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFB4404404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFB4404404"]}]},{"name":"Key R&#x0026;D Programme of Zhejiang Province","award":["2024C01012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024C01012"]}]},{"name":"Key Technologies R&#x0026;D Program of Jiangsu","award":["BE2023005-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2023005-2"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["92373205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92373205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62374146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62374146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Laboratory for Advanced Computing and Intelligence Engineering"},{"name":"CIE-Smartchip research fund","award":["2023-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-004"]}]},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuit and Microsystems","award":["NICL2024KF2001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NICL2024KF2001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tc.2025.3647888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T18:30:29Z","timestamp":1766514629000},"page":"1403-1417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["FBRE: Fuzzing Based Bit-Level Reverse Engineering of Vehicular CAN Bus"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Hanxue","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunlang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2263-5643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0244-9157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoting","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5230-3749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1969-2591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kui","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaiwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinhe","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082364"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AINA.2015.274"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Hackers Remotely Kill a jeep on the highway\u2014With me in it","author":"Greenberg","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"TBONE\u2014A zero-click exploit For Tesla MCUs","author":"Weinmann","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2020.3023538"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/pst.2017.00017"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2018.2870826"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3363190"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3063261"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10192442"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCECE58074.2023.10135185"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Automotive protocol reverse engineering & car internal network reconnaissance","author":"Karamolegkos","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2018.8690781"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Automated reverse-engineering of CAN messages using OBD-II and correlation coefficients","author":"Blaauwendraad","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MDAT.2020.3011036"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CAVS51000.2020.9334650"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT48130.2020.9221383"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/QRS-C.2019.00015"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CISAI54367.2021.00050"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPECA53709.2022.9719092"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN-W.2018.00070"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22030981"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13031942"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3092354"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2017.02.005"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69835-9_71"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCI46756.2018.00061"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"1939","article-title":"Towards automatically reverse engineering vehicle diagnostic protocols","volume-title":"Proc. 31st USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Yu","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4271\/2024-01-2807","article-title":"Vulnerability analysis of DoIP implementation based on model learning","author":"Luo","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4271\/2024-01-2799","article-title":"Comparing open-source UDS implementations through fuzz testing","author":"\u00c7elik","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3689936.3694695"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22186901"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2020.103144"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54254\/2977-3903\/2025.21619"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14722\/vehiclesec.2023.23035","article-title":"WIP: The feasibility of high-performance message authentication in automotive ethernet networks","author":"Allen","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22186792"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3028880"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAACCA51523.2021.9465340"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CHILECON54041.2021.9702979"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"67","article-title":"Threat sensitive networking: On the security of IEEE 802.1 CB and (un) effectiveness of existing security solutions","volume-title":"Proc. Eur. Symp. Res. Comput. Secur.","author":"De Vos","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3600160.3600184"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IOLTS56730.2022.9897819"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/dac63849.2025.11132421"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"AutoBots-W1"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"LUFT-CAN: A lightweight unsupervised learning based intrusion detection system with frequency-time analysis for vehicular CAN bus","volume":"168","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Syst. Archit."}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Computers"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/12\/11435995\/11313798.pdf?arnumber=11313798","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T05:09:13Z","timestamp":1773810553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11313798\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tc.2025.3647888","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9340","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9956","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2326-3814","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}}}