{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T13:52:49Z","timestamp":1774965169030,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFB1714100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB1714100"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22B2006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22B2006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research and Development Center, Sony China, and in part by BUPT-China Unicom Joint Innovation Center","award":["2025-STHZ-BJYDDX-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-STHZ-BJYDDX-008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Cogn. Commun. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tccn.2025.3603691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T18:10:45Z","timestamp":1756404645000},"page":"1739-1755","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Blockchain-Enabled Spectrum Sharing Between Satellite and Terrestrial Communication Networks: Architecture, Mechanism, and Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2968-9385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zixin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0211-862X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingrui","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0138-7821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8839-243X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1122-0677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center Sony (China) Ltd., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0256-091X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center Sony (China) Ltd., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Unicom Research Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4755-7231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mugen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Study on New Radio (NR) to Support Non-Terrestrial Networks","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Solutions for NR to Support Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN): Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Related RF and Co-Existence Aspects","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Single Network Future: Supplemental Cover- Age From Space","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2022.3212369"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2583499"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3165819"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2019.8737533"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2020.3026319"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2023.3270440"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2020.102693","article-title":"Blockchain for 5G and beyond networks: A state of the art survey","volume":"166","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3406729"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"FCC Eyes Blockchain to Track, Monitor Growing Wireless Spectrums","author":"Mearian","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Research on Blockchain Based Solutions for Wireless Network Architecture","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"France is Experimenting With Blockchain for Spectrum Management for the First Time","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"China UNICOM 5G Blockchain Technology White Paper","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"5G Long Term Evolution","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.101.2100354"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3192276"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM52122.2024.10621270"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3056569"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2023.3269801"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2024.3359759"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"173","article-title":"Practical Byzantine fault tolerance","volume-title":"Proc. 3rd USENIX Symp. Operating Syst. Design Implement.","author":"Castro"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2020.3042392"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"305","article-title":"In search of an understandable consensus algorithm","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Annu. Tech. Conf.","author":"Ongaro"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2022.3188150"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3214275"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3198103"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3142290"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3049179"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Blockchain-enabled dynamic spectrum sharing for satellite and terrestrial communication networks","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2408.02013"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3213317"},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"NORAD GP Element Sets Current Data","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"Decoupling Intra- and Inter-shard Consensus for High Scalability in Permissioned Blockchain","author":"Mingrui","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"Spectrum Access System","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3104325"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3176874"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"Mediatek 6G Technology White Paper: Satellite and Terrestrial Network Convergence","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3328599"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCN53733.2021.9686170"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3570361.3615726"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCNC\/6GSummit58263.2023.10188333"},{"key":"ref43","volume-title":"ASCENT Strategic Recommendations: Spectrum Sharing Between Satellite and Terrestrial Systems","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3052830"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2022.3190449"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2023.3297390"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3375918"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2000409"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3308097"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3169978"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3142989"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.2971469"},{"key":"ref53","volume-title":"Motivation for Study on Distributed Device and User-centric Trust","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref54","volume-title":"PDL for Trustworthy 6G","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref55","volume-title":"Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies-Security Management of Digital Asset Custodians","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref56","volume-title":"Security Requirements for Smart Contract Management Based on the Distributed Ledger Technology","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref57","volume-title":"Cardano Formula","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6687307\/11304002\/11143562.pdf?arnumber=11143562","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T20:56:35Z","timestamp":1768856195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11143562\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":57,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tccn.2025.3603691","relation":{},"ISSN":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2332-7731","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2372-2045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}