{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T05:20:15Z","timestamp":1768281615584,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62371354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62371367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62271368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62271368"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shaanxi High-Level Talents Special Support Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015401","name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-ZDLGY-50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-ZDLGY-50"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015401","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi","award":["2024ZC-KJXX-080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZC-KJXX-080"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001858","name":"Vinnova","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024-02415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-02415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"6G-SUSTAIN: Sensing-Integrated Elastic 6G Networks for Sustainability, under the 6G International Research and Innovation Cooperation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Cogn. Commun. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tccn.2025.3645433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T18:48:13Z","timestamp":1765997293000},"page":"4593-4609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Resource Allocation in Cell-Free MEC Networks: A Hierarchical MADRL-Based Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1880-730X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9363-2044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Long","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2290-066X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuchen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7609-079X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6740-6043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7886-5878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0525-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cicek","family":"Cavdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6062-8639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahim","family":"Tafazolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K."}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2024.3405075"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2959013"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2908280"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2745201"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2023.3349166"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2018.2876019"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3194685"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3139932"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2970920"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3058964"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2876804"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2022.3161955"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3215795"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3224502"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2022.3232510"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3290954"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3322751"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3231250"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC45041.2023.10278860"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2968897"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2023.3336355"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/2000000109"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3237209"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3119689"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1407","article-title":"Hierarchical reinforcement learning with advantage-based auxiliary rewards","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"32","author":"Li"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3059912"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Learning multi-level hierarchies with hindsight","author":"Levy","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1712.00948"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3006083"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3336187"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3200109"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2999814"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3000812"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3240707"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Proximal policy optimization algorithms","author":"Schulman","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1707.06347"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3314404"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2024.3365899"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511841224"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"6379","article-title":"Multi-agent actor-critic for mixed cooperative-competitive environments","volume-title":"Proc. NIPS","author":"Lowe"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"24611","article-title":"The surprising effectiveness of MAPPO in cooperative, multi-agent games","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Yu"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Multi-agent constrained policy optimisation","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2110.02793"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"5G; NG-RAN; Architecture description","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3153175"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Is independent learning all you need in the StarCraft multi-agent challenge?","author":"de Witt","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2011.09533"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3248161"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3151467"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6687307\/11304002\/11303243.pdf?arnumber=11303243","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T22:03:34Z","timestamp":1768255414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11303243\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":45,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tccn.2025.3645433","relation":{},"ISSN":["2332-7731","2372-2045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2332-7731","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2372-2045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}