{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:37:24Z","timestamp":1783557444718,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/OAPA.html"}],"funder":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Design"},{"name":"Thomas Gerald Gray PGR Scholarship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IE160946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IE160946"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009233","name":"Majlis Amanah Rakyat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Cogn. Dev. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcds.2017.2721552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]],"date-time":"2017-07-31T18:09:53Z","timestamp":1501524593000},"page":"668-680","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":188,"title":["Artificial Intelligent System for Automatic Depression Level Analysis Through Visual and Vocal Expressions"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9302-1967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asim","family":"Jan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongying","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yona Falinie Binti A.","family":"Gaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661806.2661815"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661806.2661819"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Social risk and depression: Evidence from manual and automatic facial expression analysis","author":"girard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Autom Face Gesture Recognit"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Automatic behavior descriptors for psychological disorder analysis","author":"scherer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Autom Face Gesture Recognit"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-AFFC.2012.38"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.09.030"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661806.2661813"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2414392"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2017.05.017"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACII.2009.5349358"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5244\/C.22.99"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-7439(93)85002-X"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03767-2_90"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estimation and decision fusion: A survey","author":"sinha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Intell Eng Syst"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"1097","article-title":"ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks","author":"krizhevsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref64","author":"vedaldi","year":"2015","journal-title":"MatConvNet—Convolutional neural networks for MATLAB"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"3431","article-title":"Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation","author":"long","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit (CVPR)"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"simonyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc ICLR"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Mental health in the EU","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2512530.2512533"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2512530.2512531"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2988257.2988261"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2988257.2988267"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"396","article-title":"Handwritten digit recognition with a back-propagation network","author":"cun","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2988257.2988262"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5244\/C.29.41"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"854","article-title":"Emotion recognition by two view SVM_2K classifier on dynamic facial expression features","author":"meng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Autom Face Gesture Recognit"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69905-7_27","article-title":"Blur insensitive texture classification using local phase quantization","author":"ojansivu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc 3rd Int Conf Image Signal Process (ICISP)"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"314","article-title":"Action unit detection using sparse appearance descriptors in space-time video volumes","author":"jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Autom Face Gesture Recognit Workshops"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACII.2013.65"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.910878"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"139","article-title":"Motion history histograms for human action recognition","author":"meng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Embedded Computer Vision"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2009.03.003"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"1","article-title":"A human action recognition system for embedded computer vision application","author":"meng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc CVPR Workshop on Embedded Computer Vision"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206848"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5244\/C.28.6"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661806.2661812"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2512530.2512532"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"93","article-title":"The SRI AVEC-2014 evaluation system","author":"mitra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc ACM Int Conf Multimedia"},{"key":"ref12","author":"ekman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Facial Action Coding System"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Automatic 3D facial expression recognition using geometric and textured feature fusion","volume":"5","author":"jan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 11th IEEE Int Conf Workshops Autom Face Gesture Recognit (FG)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00004"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2013.12.039"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2358647"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2988257.2988258"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1145\/2661806.2661807","article-title":"AVEC 2014: 3D dimensional affect and depression recognition challenge","author":"valstar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf ACM Multimedia Audio\/Vis Emot Challenge Workshop"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2512530.2512531"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Depression and other common mental disorders: Global health estimates","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"6","article-title":"Depression: A global public health concern","volume":"1","author":"marcus","year":"2012","journal-title":"WHO Dept Mental Health Substance Abuse"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/469680"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACII.2009.5349358"},{"key":"ref7","author":"luxton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Behavioral and Mental Health Care"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2005.95"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.02.015"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.244"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1017623"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"296","article-title":"Orientation histograms for hand gesture recognition","author":"freeman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Workshop Autom Face Gesture Recognit"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.177"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1145\/2661806.2661810","article-title":"Multimodal prediction of affective dimensions and depression in human–computer interactions categories and subject descriptors","author":"gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Audio\/Visual Emotion Challenge ACM"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"19","article-title":"Ensemble CCA for continuous emotion prediction","author":"kaya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Audio\/Visual Emotion Challenge ACM"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661806.2661817"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACII.2015.7344620"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/7274989\/8457402\/07997822.pdf?arnumber=7997822","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T08:36:55Z","timestamp":1643186215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7997822\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcds.2017.2721552","relation":{},"ISSN":["2379-8920","2379-8939"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2379-8920","type":"print"},{"value":"2379-8939","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}}}