{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T05:18:08Z","timestamp":1775193488469,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/OAPA.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004347","name":"AT&T","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Cable Labs"},{"name":"Ericsson"},{"name":"Huawei"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002418","name":"Intel Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"InterDigital Inc."},{"name":"Keysight Technologies"},{"name":"L3 Communications"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004356","name":"Nokia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013765","name":"National Instruments","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Qualcomm Technologies"},{"name":"Samsung Corporation"},{"name":"SiBeam"},{"name":"Straight Path Communications"},{"name":"GAANN Fellowship Program"},{"name":"NSF Accelerating Innovative Research"},{"name":"NetS Medium"},{"name":"NetS Small"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Commun."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2015.2434384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]],"date-time":"2015-05-18T18:32:55Z","timestamp":1431973975000},"page":"3029-3056","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1349,"title":["Wideband Millimeter-Wave Propagation Measurements and Channel Models for Future Wireless Communication System Design"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Theodore S.","family":"Rappaport","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"George R.","family":"MacCartney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mathew K.","family":"Samimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","year":"0","journal-title":"NYU WIRELESS mmWave Propagation Database"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2014.6848596"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"1395","article-title":"Dependency of the power and delay domain parameters on antenna height and distance in urban macro cell","author":"bottcher","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 5th EuCAP"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"40","article-title":"A spread spectrum sliding correlator system for propagation measurements","author":"newhall","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc RF Design"},{"key":"ref76","author":"kyosti","year":"0","journal-title":"WINNER II Channel Models"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-VT.1980.23859"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2011.2122311"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2328154"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2014.6965971"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2014.7136165"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2009.091007"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/25.312809"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2012.6398884"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Propagation measurements and simulations for millimeter-wave mobile access in a busy urban environment","author":"keusgen","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 39th IRMMW-THz"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/25.282274"},{"key":"ref30","author":"rappaport","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wireless Communications Principles and Practice"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2014.6882985"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RWS.2012.6175397"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2012.2235056"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2012.6363891"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2328173"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2013.6691812"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2011.6133581"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"2429","article-title":"72 GHz millimeter wave indoor measurements for wireless and backhaul communications","author":"nie","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 24th Int Symp PIMRC"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WNCMF.1994.529139"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"3754","article-title":"Multi-beam antenna combining for 28 GHz cellular link improvement in urban environments","author":"sun","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Globecom"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2011.6108325"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2014.6884090"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"12","article-title":"WP5: Propagation, antennas and multi-antenna technique, channel modeling and characterization","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc MiWEBA Deliverable D5 1"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1049\/ecej:19970204","article-title":"characterisation of propagation in 60 ghz radio channels","volume":"9","author":"smulders","year":"1997","journal-title":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1972.1140277"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2000.851726"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2008.070278"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2011.5783993"},{"key":"ref1","author":"rappaport","year":"2015","journal-title":"Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.990911"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Long range wideband channel measurements at 81-86 GHz frequency range","author":"kyro","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 4th EuCAP"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.1996.587631"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/36.3038"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCC.1997.622239"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/36.3037"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2005.850704"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Spatial channel model for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) simulations","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETEC.1993.507502"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2465848"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2015.2417559"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2013.6655403"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCW.2015.7247347"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118032428","author":"bendat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Random Data Analysis and Measurement Procedures"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2328111"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2010.5683699"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECF.2010.5594412"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2015.2457921"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETEC.1997.596307"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/35.295944"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETEC.1997.600436"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETEC.1996.501477"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"FutureWorks NSN White Paper: Looking ahead to 5G","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.1995.502029"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2014.2299397"},{"key":"ref12","author":"pratt","year":"1986","journal-title":"Satellite Communications"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2013.6655399"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2013.6831690"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Before the federal communications commission","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2014.6884089"},{"key":"ref16","year":"2015","journal-title":"FCC 14-177"},{"key":"ref81","article-title":"Initial study of the local multipoint distribution system radio channel","author":"papazian","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref17","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spectrum above 6 GHz for future mobile communications"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.2364267"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2012.2210532"},{"key":"ref83","article-title":"Further advancements for e-utra physical layer aspects (release 9)","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETEC.1996.501430"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2012.6214335"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/98.656151"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2009.091007"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2013.2260813"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2014.6882985"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2011.2143650"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/25.481838"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"VNI mobile forecast highlights, 2014–2019","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETEC.1997.605467"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Keynote Speech: Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications-The Renaissance of Computing and Communications","author":"rappaport","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6979962"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.1987.1146527"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2014.6965800"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Cisco visual networking index: Mobile data traffic forecast update, 2013–2018","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"1","article-title":"3-D statistical channel model for millimeter-wave outdoor mobile broadband communications","author":"samimi","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE ICC"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2014.7037347"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6894456"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"4","article-title":"Small wavelengths—Big potential: millimeter wave propagation measurements for 5G","volume":"57","author":"deng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microw J"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BlackSeaCom.2014.6849010"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploiting directionality for millimeter-wave wireless system improvement","author":"maccartney","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE ICC"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2014.6884191"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6736750"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Communications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/26\/7240139\/07109864.pdf?arnumber=7109864","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T02:35:41Z","timestamp":1633919741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7109864\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcomm.2015.2434384","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-6778"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-6778","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}}}