{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T17:45:13Z","timestamp":1784137513984,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61971088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61971088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62071083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62071083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1808206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1808206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1908214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1908214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-MS-108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-MS-108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DUT20RC(3)029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUT20RC(3)029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DUT21GJ208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUT21GJ208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017683","name":"Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020JJ25CY001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JJ25CY001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017683","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Commun."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2022.3212749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T19:28:46Z","timestamp":1665084526000},"page":"7628-7643","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Joint Beamforming Designs for Active Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface: A Sub-Connected Array Architecture"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1849-8241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7151-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1917-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2282-4572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3156978"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3139611"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3152563"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3193845"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3135498"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3110714"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3119696"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3158686"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Hybrid active-passive reconfigurable intelligent surface-assisted multi-user MISO systems","author":"thanh nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv 2203 07042"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Active intelligent reflecting surface assisted secure air-to-ground communication with UAV jittering","author":"ge","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv 2203 12296"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2021.3125313"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2017.2695181"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3111044"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2001076"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SAM53842.2022.9827855"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2022.3172788"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Active RIS vs. passive RIS: Which will prevail in 6G?","author":"zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv 2103 15154"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3064024"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2990766"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3072729"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2011.2165418"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3047098"},{"key":"ref50","author":"absil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Optimization Algorithms on Matrix Manifolds"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2950624"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2016.2593681"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2020.2990098"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2970061"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2981458"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2936025"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2958916"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2919685"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3000807"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3069860"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3028371"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3081773"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3122889"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2935192"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and metamaterials: The potential of wave propagation control for 6G wireless communications","author":"alexandropoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2006 11136"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.1900107"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007211"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.2990431"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3051897"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2014.2354312"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2922609"},{"key":"ref46","author":"grant","year":"2016","journal-title":"CVX MATLAB Software for Disciplined Convex Programming"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2018.2812748"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2016.2601299"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/2200000016"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3155305"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3167841"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3004330"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2022.3170358"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Communications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/26\/9954236\/09913498.pdf?arnumber=9913498","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T19:43:36Z","timestamp":1670874216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9913498\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcomm.2022.3212749","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-6778","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0857","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}}}