{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:05:26Z","timestamp":1784736326867,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 112-2221-E-110-038-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2221-E-110-038-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 113-2218-E-110-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2218-E-110-008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRC-2022-00187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC-2022-00187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002784","name":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CERC-2022-00109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CERC-2022-00109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Commun."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2025.3541092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T13:23:41Z","timestamp":1739280221000},"page":"7517-7534","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Robust and Secure Multi-User STAR-RIS-Aided Communications: Optimization Versus Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2108-1538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Pala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9028-4518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keshav","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omid","family":"Taghizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5G Wireless Research Group, Lenovo Deutschland GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5286-7958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cunhua","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8528-0512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Octavia A.","family":"Dobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John&#x2019;s, NL, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4703-4836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trung Q.","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John&#x2019;s, NL, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2022.3195671"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2001076"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3309028"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3219599"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7081071"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900488"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2100191"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3279357"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3236325"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2023.3256001"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3024621"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3370372"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2013.2285244"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2014.2303422"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2015.2395414"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2915659"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCIN.2023.10087247"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3293138"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3262959"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2021.03.005"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3252046"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3042828"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3131568"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3139198"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3091807"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3243545"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3109164"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3190563"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3213334"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3188544"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3024860"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3336535"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2023.3292968"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Ucom59132.2023.10257639"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2023.3329127"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tifs.2024.3376248"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3160151"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3082214"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting (STAR) intelligent omni-surfaces, their modeling and implementation","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2108.06233"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04971"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3233483"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2012.2218240"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007043"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2995603"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3166865"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2915623"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11081-015-9294-x"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2020.3019666"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2013.2253771"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.26.4.681"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3056046"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3160697"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3177705"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Proximal policy optimization algorithms","author":"Schulman","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1707.06347"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-63519-3_5"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2003.809401"},{"key":"ref57","volume-title":"Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Study on 3D Channel Model for LTE (release 12)","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3240707"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"A disciplined approach to neural network hyperparameters: Part 1\u2014Learning rate, batch size, momentum, and weight decay","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1803.09820"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2017.58"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"496","article-title":"Improvable gap balancing for multi-task learning","volume-title":"Proc. Uncertainty Artif. Intell.","author":"Dai"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2018.2835406"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3264626"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2023.3275632"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3264679"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2022.3159551"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2022.3175030"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3219020"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Communications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/26\/11176786\/10879575.pdf?arnumber=10879575","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T12:18:51Z","timestamp":1759234731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10879575\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcomm.2025.3541092","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-6778","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0857","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}}}