{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T15:46:18Z","timestamp":1784389578839,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/W004100\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/W004100\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/W034786\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/W034786\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/Y037243\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/Y037243\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Commun."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2025.3636083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T18:42:22Z","timestamp":1763750542000},"page":"2160-2175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Pinching-Antenna Systems (PASS): Power Radiation Model and Optimal Beamforming Design"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3699-235X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8351-360X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xidong","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wireless Innovation (CWI), Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4614-0175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaolin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), The University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6389-8941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), The University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8337-5884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arumugam","family":"Nallanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007211"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3118225"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3037595"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3330887"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Pinching antenna systems (PASS): Architecture designs, opportunities, and outlook","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2501.18409"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2025.3607867"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","first-page":"5","article-title":"Pinching antenna\u2013using a dielectric waveguide as an antenna","volume":"23","author":"Suzuki","year":"2022","journal-title":"NTT DOCOMO Tech. J."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2025.3543889"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2025.3547956"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2025.3566299"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Performance analysis of pinching-antenna systems","author":"Tyrovolas","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2502.06701"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2025.3548280"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2025.3621049"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Joint transmit and pinching beamforming for pinching antenna systems (PASS): Optimization-based or learning-based?","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2502.08637"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Pinching antenna-enabled ISAC systems: Exploiting look-angle dependence of RCS for target diversity","author":"Khalili","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2505.01777"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2025.3592881"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.104225"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides","author":"Okamoto","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"Microwave Engineering: Theory and Techniques","author":"Pozar","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Sum-rate maximization for pinching antenna-assisted NOMA systems with multiple dielectric waveguides","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2503.10060"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3158894"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2014.2312183"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.14.4.699"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rnc.4590010404"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01580665"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/0002828054825466"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.99.3.608"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611971453"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611970791"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2957227"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jstsp.2018.2824246"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2020.3044617"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-31484-6"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Communications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/26\/11320979\/11263923.pdf?arnumber=11263923","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T20:54:42Z","timestamp":1768856082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11263923\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcomm.2025.3636083","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-6778","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0857","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}