{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:07:03Z","timestamp":1777655223840,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/W004100\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/W004100\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/W034786\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/W034786\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/W034786\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/W034786\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Robert Schober was supported by the Federal Ministry for Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR) in Germany in the program of ``Souver\u00e4n. Digital. Vernetzt.'' joint project xG-RIC","award":["16KIS2432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16KIS2432"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Commun."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2026.3658289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T20:59:10Z","timestamp":1769633950000},"page":"4881-4918","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pinching-Antenna Systems (PASS): A Tutorial"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6389-8941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9462-3430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3699-235X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4614-0175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaolin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1293-1104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chongjun","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8351-360X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xidong","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wireless Innovation (CWI), School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5280-384X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8337-5884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arumugam","family":"Nallanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George K.","family":"Karagiannidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wireless Communications and Information Processing (WCIP) Group, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6420-4884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Schober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-019-0355-6"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2021.3057679"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-020-2955-6"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3249835"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-VT.1984.24001"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2475242"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6736761"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2025.3576931"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2400493"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2004.1341263"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46522-z"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref12","first-page":"5","article-title":"Pinching antenna: Using a dielectric waveguide as an antenna","volume":"23","author":"Fukuda","year":"2022","journal-title":"NTT DOCOMO Tech. J."},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Pinching Antenna","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2025.3555866"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35007036"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2024.3498855"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2300212"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mcom.001.2500037"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2025.3607867"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.809693"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2003.817455"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMW.2004.1284943"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2005.850307"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical Layer Procedures","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3182539"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2013.2287296"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2018.2816577"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2936025"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2922609"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3051897"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3077737"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3118225"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2000162"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2025.3546373"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2020.2788"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3037595"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3006554"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Historical review of fluid antenna and movable antenna","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2401.02362"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3492195"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2025.3531571"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2025.3547783"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Extremely large-scale movable antenna-enabled multiuser communications: Modeling and optimization","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2506.02735"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Wireless communication for low-altitude economy with UAV swarm enabled two-level movable antenna system","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2505.22286"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMM.2021.3064118"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAIT.2025.3566321"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3079465"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2017.2743710"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2000267"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.982452"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1980.1142426"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2017.2662209"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2025.3566299"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2025.3621049"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Waveguide division multiple access for pinching-antenna systems (PASS)","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2502.17781"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3475884"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.004.2200136"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Pinching-antenna systems with in-waveguide attenuation: Performance analysis and algorithm design","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2506.23966"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2020.3044617"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/c2017-0-02432-1"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"Pinching-antenna systems (PASS): Power radiation model and optimal beamforming design","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2505.00218"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/50.588673"},{"key":"ref62","volume-title":"Microwave Engineering: Theory and Techniques","author":"Pozar","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCAS.2014.2333618"},{"key":"ref64","volume-title":"RF and Microwave Coupled-Line Circuits","author":"Mongia","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3103256"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2025.3600899"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2025.3547956"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"Uplink and downlink communications in segmented waveguide-enabled pinching-antenna systems (SWANs)","author":"Ouyang","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2509.10666"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"Multiport network modeling and optimization for reconfigurable pinching-antenna systems","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2509.05612"},{"key":"ref70","article-title":"Dual-scale antenna deployment for pinching antenna systems","author":"Gan","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2510.27185"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139030687"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2026.3653191"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2006.879407"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2010.2056685"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3079128"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2025.3543889"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2004.826646"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2011.100411.100541"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1300000015"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2025.3564470"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2016.2551690"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2025.3579616"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEECONF44664.2019.9048753"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3288269"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2010.2043994"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.011714.130846"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2016.2523903"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2018.2824246"},{"key":"ref89","article-title":"Pinching-antenna systems-enabled multi-user communications: Transmission structures and beamforming optimization","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2508.14458"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-WC.2008.070851"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2018.2812733"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2025.3625377"},{"key":"ref93","volume-title":"Fiber Optics and Optoelectronics","author":"Cheo","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lwc.2025.3596094"},{"key":"ref95","article-title":"Robust resource allocation for pinching-antenna systems under imperfect CSI","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2507.12582"},{"key":"ref96","volume-title":"The Matrix Cookbook","author":"Petersen","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3430817"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3208961"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC66079.2025.11143413"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2015.2436214"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2902372"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3143121"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2025.3605237"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2024.3397609"},{"key":"ref105","article-title":"Joint transmit and pinching beamforming for pinching antenna systems (PASS): Optimization-based or learning-based?","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2502.08637"},{"key":"ref106","article-title":"Joint beamforming for NOMA assisted pinching antenna systems (PASS)","author":"Gan","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2506.03063"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsac.2025.3641906"},{"key":"ref108","article-title":"Pinching-antenna systems (PASS)-enabled secure wireless communications","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2504.13670"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lwc.2025.3608955"},{"key":"ref110","article-title":"Deep learning optimization of two-state pinching antennas systems","author":"Karagiannidis","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2507.06222"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2025.3575166"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2020.2988255"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3036965"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3100133"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3305124"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2020.2978386"},{"key":"ref117","article-title":"MIMO-PASS: Uplink and downlink transmission via MIMO pinching-antenna systems","author":"Bereyhi","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2503.03117"},{"key":"ref118","article-title":"Learning beamforming for integrated sensing and communications in pinching antenna systems (PASS)","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Globecom Workshop","author":"Guo"},{"key":"ref119","article-title":"When attention is beneficial for learning wireless resource allocation efficiently?","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2507.02427"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2400766"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2400284"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3217131"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2023.3236622"},{"key":"ref124","article-title":"Wireless large AI model: Shaping the AI-native future of 6G and beyond","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2504.14653"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2024.3486471"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44459-025-00004-z"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC62392.2025.11274872"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2025.3548280"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2006.1603404"},{"key":"ref130","article-title":"Pinching-antenna assisted sensing: A Bayesian Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound perspective","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2510.09137"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3361173"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3156632"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lcomm.2025.3619778"},{"key":"ref134","article-title":"Rate region of ISAC for pinching-antenna systems","author":"Ouyang","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2505.10179"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsac.2025.3641906"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC62392.2025.11274797"},{"key":"ref137","article-title":"Physical layer security for pinching-antenna systems (PASS)","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2503.09075"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7470937"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2751045"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3046788"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3362937"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-8176-8232-3"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Communications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/26\/11320979\/11364174.pdf?arnumber=11364174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T20:48:59Z","timestamp":1772225339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11364174\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":142,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcomm.2026.3658289","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-6778","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0857","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}