{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:26:17Z","timestamp":1767968777564,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"name":"Huawei Canada"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRDPJ 486716-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRDPJ 486716-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcsi.2016.2613514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]],"date-time":"2016-11-11T22:02:07Z","timestamp":1478901727000},"page":"2158-2168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["CMOS-Photonics Codesign of an Integrated DAC-Less PAM-4 Silicon Photonic Transmitter"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Hassan","family":"Sepehrian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Yekani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leslie A.","family":"Rusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.3.000622"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OFC.2015.W4H.3"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1109\/OIC.2015.7115665","article-title":"A monolithic 56 Gb\/s CMOS integrated nanophotonic PAM-4 transmitter","author":"xiong","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Optical Interconnects Conf (OI)"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"1","article-title":"A 1310 nm 3D-integrated silicon photonics Mach–Zehnder-based transmitter with 275 mW multistage CMOS driver achieving 6 dB extinction ratio at 25 Gb\/s","author":"cignoli","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2015.2426875"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10503-6_16"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Low-power multi-level modulation of InP MZM with in-line centipede structure directly driven by CMOS IC","author":"yamase","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf OECC\/PS"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2015.2394749"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2016.2551702"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"1","article-title":"112 Gb\/s DP-QPSK transmission over 2427 km SSMF using small-size silicon photonic IQ modulator and low-power CMOS driver","author":"milivojevic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc IEEE OFC\/NFOEC"},{"key":"ref28","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appendix I 9"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"418","article-title":"25 Gb\/s 3.6 pJ\/b and 15 Gb\/s 1.37 pJ\/b VCSEL-based optical links in 90 nm CMOS","author":"proesel","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2012.2189835"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"140","article-title":"A $12\\times 5$ two-dimensional optical I\/O array for 600 Gb\/s chip-to-chip interconnect in 65 nm CMOS","author":"morita","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"128","article-title":"A 20 Gb\/s NRZ\/PAM-4 1 V transmitter in 40 nm CMOS driving a Si-photonic modulator in $0.13~\\mu \\text {m}$ CMOS","author":"wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"1","article-title":"A 24-to-35 Gb\/s $\\times$ 4 VCSEL driver IC with multi-rate referenceless CDR in $0.13~\\mu \\text {m}$ SiGe BiCMOS","author":"tsunoda","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.22.021018"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.00B624"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2013.2291099"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2015.2466654"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"25 GBaud PAM-4 error free transmission over both single mode fiber and multimode fiber in a QSFP form factor based on silicon photonics","author":"mazzini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc OFC"},{"key":"ref20","year":"0"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2006.885999"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2004.833663"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2009.2023772","article-title":"Design optimization of on-chip inductive peaking structures for 0.13- $\\mu m$ CMOS 40-Gb\/s transmitter circuits","volume":"56","author":"kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I Reg Papers"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2003.811023"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2015.2504459"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2015.2470524"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/8919\/7755810\/07742374.pdf?arnumber=7742374","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:10:26Z","timestamp":1642003826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7742374\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcsi.2016.2613514","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-8328","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0806","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}}}