{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T18:15:29Z","timestamp":1786040129272,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"name":"Queen\u2019s University Belfast School of Arts, English and Languages publication fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcsi.2018.2837912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T18:39:01Z","timestamp":1528137541000},"page":"4233-4246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Modeling Circuits With Arbitrary Topologies and Active Linear Multiports Using Wave Digital Filters"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0635-0258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kurt James","family":"Werner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7973-0134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Bernardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius O.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5803-1702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augusto","family":"Sarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","first-page":"176","article-title":"Root variable choice in grouped wave digital filters","author":"werner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"145","article-title":"WDF modeling of a Korg MS-50 based non-linear diode bridge VCF","author":"rest","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"263","article-title":"The Fender Bassman 5F6-A family of preamplifier circuits—A wave digital filter case study","author":"dunkel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"287","article-title":"RTWDF—A modular wave digital filter library with support for arbitrary topologies and multiple nonlinearities","author":"rest","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Virtual analog modeling of audio circuitry using wave digital filters","author":"werner","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"130","article-title":"Modeling circuits with operational transconductance amplifiers using wave digital filters","author":"bogason","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EUSIPCO.2016.7760405"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"504","article-title":"The modified nodal approach to network analysis","volume":"cas 22","author":"ho","year":"1975","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WASPAA.2015.7336908"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"362","article-title":"Digital realization of connection networks by voltage-wave two-port adaptors","volume":"50","author":"meerk\u00f6tter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Elek Über"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2017.7952192"},{"key":"ref36","author":"bogason","year":"2016","journal-title":"Digitizing Analog Circuits Containing OP Amps Using Wave Digital Filters"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WASPAA.2017.8170060"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"271","article-title":"A computational model of the Hammond organ vibrato\/chorus using wave digital filters","author":"werner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"2405","article-title":"A multidimensional approach to wave digital filters with multiple nonlinearities","author":"schwerdtfeger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Eur Signal Process Conf"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2016.2573119"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Newton’s method for modularity-preserving multidimensional wave digital filters","author":"schwerdtfeger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Work Multidimensional Syst"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Modeling audio circuits containing typical nonlinear components with wave digital filters","author":"bogason","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Wave digital adaptors for Brune, Darlington C and D, and twin-T sections","author":"l\u00ea","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2017.2679007"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"514","article-title":"On N-port adaptors for wave digital filters with application to a bridged-tee filter","author":"martens","year":"1976","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Symp Circuits Syst"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EUSIPCO.2016.7760406"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/EUSIPCO.2017.8081383"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCS.1978.1084433"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"Wave digital modeling of the diode-based ring modulator","author":"bernardini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc 44th Conv Audio Eng Soc"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"387","article-title":"Resolving wave digital filters with multiple\/multiport nonlinearities","author":"werner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects"},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"279","article-title":"Resolving grouped nonlinearities in wave digital filters using iterative techniques","author":"olsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2009.2033637"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1986.13458"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"200","article-title":"Network variable preserving step-size control in wave digital filters","author":"olsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCT.1964.1082264"},{"key":"ref21","author":"vladimirescu","year":"1994","journal-title":"The SPICE Book"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2008.924155"},{"key":"ref23","author":"bruton","year":"1980","journal-title":"RC-Active Circuits Theory and Design"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2004.843056"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"379","article-title":"Wave digital filter adaptors for arbitrary topologies and multiport linear elements","author":"werner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"371","article-title":"Design principles for lumped model discretisation using Möbius transforms","author":"germain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Discretization of the \n$^\\prime59$\n Fender Bassman tone stack","author":"yeh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc 9th Int Conf Digit Audio Effects"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"An improved and generalized diode clipper model for wave digital filters","author":"werner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 139th Conv Audio Eng Soc"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2012.2213358"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"77","article-title":"Wave digital filters with multiple nonlinearities","author":"petrausch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Eur Signal Process Conf"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.1989.100452"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCT.1955.6500159"},{"key":"ref54","author":"orman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anderton Frequency Booster"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"1","article-title":"A simple mid-range booster","author":"hutchins","year":"1981","journal-title":"Electronotes Appl Notes"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Project 10: The frequency booster","author":"anderton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Projects for Guitarists"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.4490020210"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"9","article-title":"Waveguide filter tutorial","author":"smith","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc Int Comput Music Conf"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.1985.1168436"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.765137"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/79.888863"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2008.2001801"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.1990.112255"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470870192"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2006.1661235"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Digital implementation of musical distortion circuits by analysis and simulation","author":"yeh","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/1434-8411-54100260"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCT.1971.1083272"},{"key":"ref3","author":"smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physical Audio Signal Processing"},{"key":"ref6","author":"belevitch","year":"1968","journal-title":"Classical Network Theory"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"79","article-title":"Digital filter structures related to classical filter networks","volume":"25","author":"fettweis","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch Elek Über"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCT.1972.1083555"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1975.1162748"},{"key":"ref49","author":"giles","year":"1980","journal-title":"Audio\/Radio Handbook"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.4490010103"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app6050129"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"402","article-title":"Negative-feedback tone control","volume":"58","author":"baxandall","year":"1952","journal-title":"Wireless World"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119991298.ch12"},{"key":"ref47","author":"self","year":"2010","journal-title":"Small Signal Audio Design"},{"key":"ref42","author":"vlach","year":"1983","journal-title":"Computer Methods for Circuit Analysis and Design"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2012.6287918"},{"key":"ref44","author":"gottlieb","year":"1997","journal-title":"Practical Oscillator Handbook"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2017.2756917"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/8919\/8511082\/08371321.pdf?arnumber=8371321","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T11:44:00Z","timestamp":1641987840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8371321\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcsi.2018.2837912","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-8328","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0806","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}}}