{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T16:35:27Z","timestamp":1781886927284,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["957337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["957337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcsi.2022.3142525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T20:38:17Z","timestamp":1644352697000},"page":"2002-2012","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Sub-mW Keyword Spotting on an MCU: Analog Binary Feature Extraction and Binary Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2446-469X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianmarco","family":"Cerutti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICT-irst Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1767-7715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Cavigelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computing Systems Laboratory, Huawei Technologies, Zürich Research Center, Zürich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8776-5158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renzo","family":"Andri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computing Systems Laboratory, Huawei Technologies, Zürich Research Center, Zürich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Magno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9047-9868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Farella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICT-irst Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8068-3806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Benini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASRU.2017.8268946"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2844341"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2010.186"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-51482-6_1"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AINA.2010.187"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14445\/23488387\/ijcse-v4i7p104"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2805263"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NANO.2018.8626224"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3370748.3406588"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MDAT.2021.3063366"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2015.7178964"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"A multi-device dataset for urban acoustic scene classification","author":"Mesaros","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1807.09840"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2015-352"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"An end-to-end architecture for keyword spotting and voice activity detection","author":"Lengerich","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1611.09405"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Online keyword spotting with a character-level recurrent neural network","author":"Hwang","year":"2015","journal-title":"arXiv:1512.08903"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOCAS.2018.8584832"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2019.8683634"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"5999","article-title":"Attention is all you need","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Vaswani"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2016-1393"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"4166","article-title":"Fixed point quantization of deep convolutional networks","volume-title":"Proc. 33rd Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","volume":"6","author":"Lin"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.11713"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2020.2997913"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Incremental network quantization: Towards lossless CNNs with low-precision weights","volume-title":"Proc. ICLR","author":"Zhou"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Hello edge: Keyword spotting on microcontrollers","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1711.07128"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Binarized neural networks: Training deep neural networks with weights and activations constrained to +1 or \u22121","author":"Courbariaux","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1602.02830"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46493-0_32"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"4107","article-title":"Binarized neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Hubara"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"DoReFa-Net: Training low bitwidth convolutional neural networks with low bitwidth gradients","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1606.06160"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Additive noise annealing and approximation properties of quantized neural networks","author":"Spallanzani","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1905.10452"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"A cascade architecture for keyword spotting on mobile devices","author":"Gruenstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1712.03603"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3328907"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Efficient convolutional neural network for audio event detection","author":"Meyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1709.09888"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2020.2969775"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2006.1696289"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2005.1493908"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/29.1639"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2014.2328321"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2010.5537160"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2021.3059649"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"346","article-title":"A 1$\\mu$\nW voice activity detector using analog feature extraction and digital deep neural network","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2020.2968800"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2021.3120189"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"230","article-title":"A 510 nW 0.41 V low-memory low-computation keyword-spotting chip using serial FFT-based MFCC and binarized depthwise separable convolutional neural network in 28 nm CMOS","author":"Shan","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2021.3113259"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2021.3098813"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2021.3076344"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2018.2890187"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Speech commands: A dataset for limited-vocabulary speech recognition","author":"Warden","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1804.03209"},{"key":"ref49","volume-title":"GreenWaves Technologies Unveils Gap8 Processor for AI at the Edge","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2017.7952132"},{"key":"ref51","volume-title":"The Speed and Power Advantage of a Purpose-Built Neural Compute Engine","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2021.3075420"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/8919\/9763566\/09707596.pdf?arnumber=9707596","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:15:05Z","timestamp":1705536905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9707596\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcsi.2022.3142525","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-8328","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0806","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}}}