{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T16:49:23Z","timestamp":1785602963232,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006469","name":"Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0043\/2020\/A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0043\/2020\/A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006469","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006469","name":"Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SKL-AMSV(UM)-2020-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL-AMSV(UM)-2020-2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006469","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcsii.2020.3040419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T21:14:12Z","timestamp":1606338852000},"page":"30-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Startup Time and Energy-Reduction Techniques for Crystal Oscillators in the IoT Era"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1781-971X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ka-Meng","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3579-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pui-In","family":"Mak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2821-648X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui P.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2018.2880282"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2019.2920084"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"52","article-title":"A regulation-free sub-0.5 V 16\/24 MHz crystal oscillator for energy-harvesting BLE radios with 14.2 nJ startup energy and 31.8 ?W steady-state power","author":"lei","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"115","article-title":"A 64?s startup 26\/40 MHz crystal oscillator with negative resistance boosting technique using reconfigurable multi-stage amplifier","author":"miyahara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Symp VLSI Circuits"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2018.2849012"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESSCIRC.2019.8902902"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICC48029.2020.9075884"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2019.2936296"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2017.2766208"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-a-1.1981.0077"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"104","article-title":"5.9 a 24MHz crystal oscillator with robust fast start-up using dithered injection","author":"griffith","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCS.1987.1086137"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2015.2499240","article-title":"Variation-tolerant quick-start-up CMOS crystal oscillator with chirp injection and negative resistance booster","volume":"51","author":"iguchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4.658619"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"2791","article-title":"A 0.4 V 4.8 ?W 16 MHz CMOS crystal oscillator achieving 74-fold startup-time reduction using momentary detuning","author":"lei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Symp Circuits and Syst (ISCAS)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESSCIRC.2019.8902894"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4.318"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Ultra-low energy systems: Analog to information","author":"bahai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Eur Solid-State Circuits Conf (ESSCIRC)"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"90","article-title":"A 95 ?W 24 MHz digitally controlled crystal oscillator for IoT applications with 36nJ startup energy and> 13× start-up time reduction using a fully-autonomous dynamically-adjusted load","author":"ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2019.8662338"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2019.2933143"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/8920\/9301450\/09270606.pdf?arnumber=9270606","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T14:52:15Z","timestamp":1652194335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9270606\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcsii.2020.3040419","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-7747","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-3791","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}}}