{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T18:48:09Z","timestamp":1785955689958,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcss.2023.3260217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T19:51:41Z","timestamp":1683748301000},"page":"5028-5037","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Hateful Sentiment Detection in Real-Time Tweets: An LSTM-Based Comparative Approach"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sanjiban Sekhar","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akash","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pijush","family":"Samui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Gandomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2798-0104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir H.","family":"Gandomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Systems, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N16-2013"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcss.2022.3165136"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","first-page":"328","article-title":"Hate speeches on Twitter and Facebook in South Asia: A case study of malala yousufzai","volume":"4","author":"Naz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pakistan J. Int. Affairs"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcss.2022.3157474"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113725"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2019.2892037"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcss.2022.3183046"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3143799"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11188575"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-1105"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-021-09862-5"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2021.102760"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcss.2022.3175259"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-022-00693-x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2020.106458"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5121\/csit.2018.80604"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19214654"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.115632"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2020.07.050"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-021-09845-6"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3094115"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/InfoTech.2018.8510738"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3037073"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26615\/978-954-452-049-6_062"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v10i1.14811"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"Understanding LSTM Networks","author":"Olah","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physd.2019.132306"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","first-page":"29","article-title":"Using TF-IDF to determine word relevance in document queries","volume-title":"Proc. 1st Instructional Conf. Mach. Learn.","volume":"242","author":"Ramos"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2014.231"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JCPC.2009.5420087"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-2740-1_17"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00994018"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-0171-2_59"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.127"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.1995.598994"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IoTaIS47347.2019.8980398"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203496909.ch3"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding","author":"Devlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1810.04805"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-021-00737-z"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1403797"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4249\/scholarpedia.1883"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2968173"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6570650\/10638068\/10122633.pdf?arnumber=10122633","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]],"date-time":"2024-08-17T04:13:15Z","timestamp":1723867995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10122633\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcss.2023.3260217","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-924X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-7476","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}}}