{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T09:42:53Z","timestamp":1775122973452,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province","award":["2021B1111600001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021B1111600001"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research","award":["2019B030302002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B030302002"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Guangzhou","award":["202007030006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202007030006"]}]},{"name":"Major Key Project of PCL","award":["PCL2023A09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCL2023A09"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24B20151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24B20151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcss.2025.3553856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T14:04:46Z","timestamp":1744121086000},"page":"4217-4230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cost and Makespan-Aware Task Scheduling With Deep Reinforcement Learning in Multicloud Environments"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7548-9988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuhao","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1135-4982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fagui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8861-571X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of New Networks, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4889-0528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengjiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8406-994X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of New Networks, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4011-6166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of New Networks, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9102-9890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingbo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of New Networks, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5451-7230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.L. Philip","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Above the clouds: A Berkeley view of cloud computing","author":"Armbrust","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1721654.1721672"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2593512"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2023.3338370"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2022.07.034"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2022.3157128"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2462326.2462328"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2021.3049152"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2010.5461931"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"331","article-title":"More than capacity: Performance-oriented evolution of pangu in Alibaba","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. 21st USENIX Conf. File Storage Technol. (FAST)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SCC.2011.107"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2021.1003934"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-019-03018-9"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21172\/1.93.37"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCTHPA49271.2020.9213198"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Confluence60223.2024.10463398"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2022.05.053"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICISS.2010.5655013"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3025015"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.07.023"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14236"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Deep exploration via bootstrapped DPN","volume":"29","author":"Osband","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2021.3124670"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-022-03630-2"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2024.3360448"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2022.3170375"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-025-10486-2"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0000(75)80008-0"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCC.2014.2314655"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202452904017"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2023.09.005"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2023.100942"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.106860"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2016.02.015"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPSW.2015.56"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"A GA based approach for task scheduling in multi-cloud environment","author":"Tejaswi"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCC.2021.3057422"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCC.2022.3223869"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EDCAV.2015.7060544"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2014.6849162"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMSNETS56262.2023.10041331"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2023.3245089"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-024-10756-9"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.125245"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2021.3122126"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-015-0484-2"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DCHPC60845.2024.10454081"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2018.8592822"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3454287.3455008"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/INM.2017.7987304"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2019.2963382"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Amazon ec2 pricing","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Microsoft azure pricing","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Alibaba cloud ec2 pricing","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"Deep exploration via bootstrapped DQN","volume":"29","author":"Osband","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-017-0085-0"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6570650\/11272985\/10955421.pdf?arnumber=10955421","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T18:44:01Z","timestamp":1764787441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10955421\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcss.2025.3553856","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-924X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-7476","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}}}