{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:41:00Z","timestamp":1792082460234,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shaanxi Education Teaching Reform Research Program","award":["23BY028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23BY028"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2022JM-381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JM-381"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Normal University Key Program of Teaching Reform Research","award":["22JG002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22JG002"]}]},{"name":"Cooperation Program for High-end Foreign Experts in Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["G2021173001L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2021173001L"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61703256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61703256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["LP180100114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LP180100114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcss.2026.3689070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T19:47:33Z","timestamp":1779133653000},"page":"4715-4726","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multi-Objective Neural Architecture Search for Cognitive Diagnosis: Balancing Accuracy and Interpretability With Probabilistic Models"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5346-5341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifei","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Normal University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"],"department":["School of Physics and Information Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8417-2077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingkai","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Normal University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"],"department":["School of Physics and Information Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1391-8939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sicheng","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Normal University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"],"department":["School of Physics and Information Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5129-995X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Normal University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"],"department":["School of Computer Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0415-8556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maoguo","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Xidian University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"],"department":["School of Electronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Collaborative Intelligence Systems"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0862-0514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi-Hui","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nankai University","place":["Tianjin, China"],"department":["College of Artificial Intelligence"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2988510"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-044894-7.01318-X","article-title":"Data mining for education","volume-title":"International Encyclopedia of Education.","author":"Baker","year":"2010"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"A survey on cognitive diagnosis: Theories and applications","volume":"54","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203056615"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","first-page":"259","article-title":"Neural cognitive diagnosis model for intelligent education systems","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. AAAI Conf. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref6","first-page":"847","article-title":"Personalized educational systems based on computational intelligence","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Computat. Social Syst."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/1076998607309474"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-011-9207-7"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","first-page":"3542","article-title":"Interpretable cognitive diagnosis with neural networks","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2024.3429180"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Neural architecture search with reinforcement learning","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Represent. (ICLR)","author":"Zoph","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-05318-5_3"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"6105","article-title":"EfficientNet: Rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Tan","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01246-5_2"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"1769","article-title":"Auto-SC: An automated framework for student characteristic analysis with neural architecture search","volume-title":"Proc. 27th ACM SIGKDD Conf. Knowl. Discovery Data Mining","author":"Wang","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"Estimation of Distribution Algorithms: A New Tool for Evolutionary Computation","volume":"2","author":"Larra\u00f1aga","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410605269","volume-title":"Item Response Theory for Psychologists.","author":"Embretson","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00997","article-title":"A cognitive diagnosis model for probabilistic-attribute hierarchies","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"2277","article-title":"Neural factorization for cognitive assessment","volume-title":"Proc. 28th ACM Int. Conf. Inf. Knowl. Manage.","author":"Cheng","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tkde.2019.2924374"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"4362","article-title":"Graph-based knowledge tracing: A survey","volume-title":"Proc. 30th Int. Joint Conf. Artif. Intell.","author":"Gao","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"2902","article-title":"Large-scale evolution of image classifiers","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Real","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-28356-0_5"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref24","first-page":"829","article-title":"A survey on large-scale genetic programming","volume":"25","author":"Policistico","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1","article-title":"DARTS: Differentiable architecture search","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Represent. (ICLR)","author":"Liu","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1","article-title":"PC-DARTS: Partial channel connections for memory-efficient architecture search","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Represent. (ICLR)","author":"Xu","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref27","first-page":"3777","article-title":"A survey on multi-objective neural architecture search","volume":"55","author":"A. Abd Allateef","year":"2022","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58452-8_3"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0055-y"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"187","article-title":"AlphaD3M: An open-source library for automated machine learning and model selection","volume-title":"Proc. Automat. Mach. Learn.","author":"Gong","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"3780","article-title":"Can we automate scientific reviewing? A position paper","volume-title":"Proc. 27th ACM SIGKDD Conf. Knowl. Discovery Data Mining","author":"Wang","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2969239.2969296"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"1","article-title":"AutoDKT: An automated framework for dynamic knowledge tracing with neural architecture search","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Manage. Data","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref34","first-page":"789","article-title":"Interpretable student performance prediction in online learning","volume":"10","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Computat. Social Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref35","first-page":"343","article-title":"A review of affective computing in education","volume":"7","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Computat. Social Syst."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.996017"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"609","article-title":"A systematic review of interpretable machine learning","author":"Hancox-Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Conf. Fairness, Accountability, Transparency"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref38","first-page":"601","article-title":"Surrogate-assisted evolutionary computation: A review","volume":"15","author":"Jin","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-009-9063-7"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Junyi academy: A large-scale online learning platform and its research opportunities","volume-title":"Proc. 2nd Workshop Data-Driven Educ.","author":"Chang","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"740","article-title":"Multi-component learning for cognitive diagnosis","volume-title":"Proc. 31st ACM Int. Conf. Inf. Knowl. Manage.","author":"He","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"369","article-title":"KSCD: A knowledge-structure-aware causal-based diagnosis framework for student performance prediction","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Data Mining (ICDM)","author":"Long","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"1533","article-title":"RCD: Relation-aware cognitive diagnosis for intelligent education systems","volume-title":"Proc. 44th Int. ACM SIGIR Conf. Res. Develop. Inf. Retrieval","author":"Gao","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"1619","article-title":"Assessing student\u2019s dynamic knowledge state with knowledge-aware attentive network","volume-title":"Proc. 30th ACM Int. Conf. Inf. Knowl. Manage.","author":"Shen","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6570650\/11640440\/11523684.pdf?arnumber=11523684","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T19:06:24Z","timestamp":1785956784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11523684\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcss.2026.3689070","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-924X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-7476","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}}}