{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T14:15:33Z","timestamp":1773065733511,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"IFD Grand Solution Project ADAPT-T2D","award":["9068-00056B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9068-00056B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcst.2025.3567100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T14:13:49Z","timestamp":1748441629000},"page":"1969-1982","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Online Optimization Approach for Calculating Basal Insulin Doses for Individuals With Type-2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9631-3199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad","family":"Al Ahdab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Systems, Section of Automation and Control, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5478-8513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torben","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Systems, Section of Automation and Control, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9202-3135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"Stoustrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Systems, Section of Automation and Control, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6043-1687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Leth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Systems, Section of Automation and Control, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13340-016-0284-9"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacsc.2019.100067"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCSYS.2020.3047493"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC51059.2022.9992558"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968221145964"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2023.2281279"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2021-002590","article-title":"Flash glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes managed with basal insulin in the USA: A retrospective real-world chart review study and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Carlson","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/cd20-as01"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.795895"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680700100603"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprocont.2019.05.017"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2023.01.037"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2021.3135320"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2021.108170"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2006.1580155"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296819900240"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2023.10.550","article-title":"On tuning parameterized control policies online for safety-critical systems -Applied to biomedical systems","volume":"56","author":"Krishnamoorthy","year":"2023","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2016.12.212"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2017.2783238","article-title":"Extremum seeking control for personalized zone adaptation in model predictive control for type 1 diabetes","volume":"65","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprocont.2022.11.006"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2006.872818","article-title":"Run-to-run control of blood glucose concentrations for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"53","author":"Owens","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680900300512","article-title":"Run-to-Run tuning of model predictive control for type 1 diabetes subjects: In silico trial","volume":"3","author":"Magni","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2016.09.002","article-title":"Automatic adaptation of basal therapy for type 1 diabetic patients: A run-to-run approach","volume":"31","author":"Toffanin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2021.110006","article-title":"A new one-point residual-feedback Oracle for black-box learning and control","volume":"136","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"3603","article-title":"Improve single-point zeroth-order optimization using high-pass and low-pass filters","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn. PMLR","author":"Chen"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2020.3003156"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2017.2704922"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/0325083"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"18795","article-title":"Adabelief optimizer: Adapting stepsizes by the belief in observed gradients","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"33","author":"Zhuang"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci21-0043"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCTA48906.2021.9658718"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2021.10.305"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2021.108170"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2022.105128"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ECC55457.2022.9838040"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"In Vitro Diagnostic Test Systems: Requirements for Blood-glucose Monitoring Systems for Self-testing in Managing Diabetes Mellitus","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296814541810"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2020.104605"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"MATLAB Version: 9.13.0 (R2022b)","year":"2022"},{"issue":"61","key":"ref40","first-page":"2121","article-title":"Adaptive subgradient methods for online learning and stochastic optimization","volume":"12","author":"Duchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"407","article-title":"Sensitivity estimates for nonlinear mathematical models","volume":"1","author":"Sobo\u013a","year":"1993","journal-title":"Math. Model. Comput. Exp."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.04561"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/9789812819451_0002"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2020.2990516"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-1098(00)00093-5"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/87\/11214702\/11017358.pdf?arnumber=11017358","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T04:39:14Z","timestamp":1761280754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11017358\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcst.2025.3567100","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-6536","1558-0865","2374-0159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-6536","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0865","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2374-0159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}}}