{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:39:46Z","timestamp":1790037586370,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSC-103-2221-E-009-153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC-103-2221-E-009-153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Aim for the Top University Project of the National Taiwan Normal University and the Ministry of Education, Taiwan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Cybern."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcyb.2015.2403573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]],"date-time":"2015-02-27T19:41:58Z","timestamp":1425066118000},"page":"462-473","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Semi-Supervised Text Classification With Universum Learning"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Chien-Liang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Hoar","family":"Hsaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Hoang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao-Hsing","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Hsun","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3115\/1654758.1654769","article-title":"Seeing stars when there aren’t many stars: Graph-based semi-supervised learning for sentiment categorization","author":"goldberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc 1st Workshop Graph Based Methods Nat Lang Process (TextGraphs-1)"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"19","article-title":"Learning from labeled and unlabeled data using graph mincuts","author":"blum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc 18th Int Conf Mach Learn (ICML)"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.11.069"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"932","article-title":"Empirical study of the Universum SVM learning for high-dimensional data","author":"cherkassky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc 19th Int Conf Artif Neural Netw I (ICANN)"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1016","article-title":"Selecting informative Universum sample for semi-supervised learning","author":"chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Intern Joint Conf Artificial Intel (IJCAI)"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.240"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1148170.1148241"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007692713085"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"1135","article-title":"A new analysis of co-training","author":"wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc 27th Int Conf Mach Learn (ICML)"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/279943.279962"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2009916.2010033"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611972788.29"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2008.61"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007649029923"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Text categorization with suport vector machines: Learning with many relevant features","author":"joachims","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc 10th Eur Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"640","article-title":"Prior knowledge in support vector kernels","author":"sch\u00f6lkopf","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Neural Inf Process Syst (NIPS)"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"454","article-title":"Transductive inference and semi-supervised learning","author":"vapnik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semi-Supervised Learning"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"25","article-title":"Generative prior knowledge for discriminative classification","volume":"27","author":"epshteyn","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Artif Int Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2440-0"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1143844.1143971"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1369","article-title":"An analysis of inference with the Universum","author":"sinz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Neural Inf Process Syst (NIPS)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316870","author":"bernardo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bayesian Theory"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2007.914695","article-title":"AdaBoost-based algorithm for network intrusion detection","volume":"38","author":"hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern B Cybern"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2013.2247592"},{"key":"ref54","author":"sinz","year":"2010","journal-title":"UniverSVM"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2009.03.002"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"319","article-title":"Information diffusion in computer science citation networks","author":"shi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM 07)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2010.2044958","article-title":"Flexible manifold embedding: A framework for semi-supervised and unsupervised dimension reduction","volume":"19","author":"nie","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"577","article-title":"Constrained K-means clustering with background knowledge","author":"wagstaff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc 18th Int Conf Mach Learn (ICML)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.04.001"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2307349"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Learning with local and global consistency","author":"zhou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"200","article-title":"Transductive inference for text classification using support vector machines","author":"joachims","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc 16th Int Conf Mach Learn (ICML)"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"290","article-title":"Transductive learning via spectral graph partitioning","author":"joachims","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc 20th Int Conf Mach Learn (ICML)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.70765"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"585","article-title":"Cluster kernels for semi-supervised learning","author":"chapelle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Neural Inf Process Syst (NIPS)"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"912","article-title":"Semi-supervised learning using Gaussian fields and harmonic functions","author":"zhu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc 20th Int Conf Mach Learn (ICML)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MACH.0000033120.25363.1e"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Semi-supervised learning literature survey","author":"zhu","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2009.2038280"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2010.2085433","article-title":"Semi-supervised dimensionality reduction and classification through virtual label regression","volume":"41","author":"nie","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern B Cybern"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2006.889473"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2013.2278466","article-title":"Semi-supervised linear discriminant clustering","volume":"44","author":"liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cybern"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2010.2101593"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1118853.1118857"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1145\/2623330.2623731","article-title":"Large-scale adaptive semisupervised learning via unified inductive and transductive model","author":"wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc of the ACM SIGKDD Int Conf on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD)"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007614523901"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcss.1997.1504"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2001.990517"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"58","article-title":"Boosting trees for anti-spam email filtering","author":"carreras","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc 4th Int Conf Recent Adv Nat Lang Process (RANLP-01)"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1014052.1014062"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"27","article-title":"Semi-supervised clustering by seeding","author":"basu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc 19th Int'l Conf Machine Learning (ICML)"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611972788.1"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2009.56"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6221036\/7381705\/07051235.pdf?arnumber=7051235","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T01:06:56Z","timestamp":1651367216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7051235\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcyb.2015.2403573","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-2267","type":"print"},{"value":"2168-2275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}}}