{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T07:07:07Z","timestamp":1761808027194,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN 2014-04649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN 2014-04649"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["412-2010-1007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["412-2010-1007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Cybern."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcyb.2015.2490165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,6]],"date-time":"2015-11-06T14:56:20Z","timestamp":1446821780000},"page":"2825-2836","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Feature Set Evaluation for Offline Handwriting Recognition Systems: Application to the Recurrent Neural Network Model"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Youssouf","family":"Chherawala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Partha Pratim","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Cheriet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.02.005"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR.2012.185"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.136"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2013.65"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2009.184"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2009.256"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.177"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2007.09.014"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"705","article-title":"Off-line Arabic handwriting recognition system based on concavity features and HMM classifier","author":"azeem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc 21th Int Conf Pattern Recognit (ICPR)"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR.2012.194"},{"journal-title":"RNNLIB A Recurrent Neural Network Library for Sequence Learning Problems","year":"2013","author":"graves","key":"ref61"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Projection onto a simplex","author":"chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1101 6081"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2013.2265601"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2013.2245890"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2336697"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.784288"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.477074"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2012.02.030"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"3729","article-title":"Sparse descriptor for lexicon reduction in handwritten Arabic documents","author":"chherawala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc 21th Int Conf Pattern Recognit (ICPR)"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"738","article-title":"New features for complex Arabic fonts in cascading recognition system","author":"slimane","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc 21th Int Conf Pattern Recognit (ICPR)"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"713","article-title":"Combination of global and local baseline-independent features for offline Arabic handwriting recognition","author":"li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Pattern Recognit (ICPR)"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR.2012.214"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2326596"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2012.2208743","article-title":"Hierarchical feature extraction with local neural response for image recognition","volume":"43","author":"li","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cybern"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/21.155943"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWFHR.2002.1030951"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2009.224"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"129","article-title":"IFN\/ENIT-database of handwritten Arabic words","author":"pechwitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 7th Colloque International Francophone sur lEcrit et le Document (CIFED)"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001401000848"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.137"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01584232"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.911981"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.22"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWFHR.2002.1030908"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.25"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(97)00084-8"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2009.118"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.824821"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5326.941845"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(01)00129-7"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.102"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3262346"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2003.1227662"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.821114"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-006-0024-y"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2003.1211511"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.14","article-title":"Offline recognition of unconstrained handwritten texts using HMMs and statistical language models","volume":"26","author":"vinciarelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.144"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2006.269"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2011.02.013"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1658346.1658348"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8655(95)00050-Q"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001412630025"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.726791"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2011.6116480"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.799913"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"545","article-title":"Offline handwriting recognition with multidimensional recurrent neural networks","volume":"21","author":"graves","year":"2009","journal-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"327","article-title":"Kernel principal component analysis","author":"scholkopf","year":"1999","journal-title":"Advances in Kernel Methods—Support Vector Learning"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5500.2323"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2000.862024"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1390156.1390294"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6221036\/7744634\/07321805.pdf?arnumber=7321805","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T11:45:37Z","timestamp":1641987937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7321805\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcyb.2015.2490165","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2168-2267"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2168-2275"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}}}