{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T01:40:42Z","timestamp":1769737242386,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"Active Authentication Program of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA8750-12-2-0200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA8750-12-2-0200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Cybern."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcyb.2016.2590472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]],"date-time":"2016-08-02T14:14:49Z","timestamp":1470147289000},"page":"3916-3927","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Cost-Effective Kernel Ridge Regression Implementation for Keystroke-Based Active Authentication System"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7860-3678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei-Yuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Chen","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jien Morris","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sun-Yuan","family":"Kung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PACCS.2011.5990168"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"433","article-title":"User authentication based on keystroke analysis of long free texts with a reduced number of features","volume":"1","author":"park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc 2nd Int Conf Commun Syst Netw Appl (ICCSNA)"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Keystroke dynamics authentication: A survey of free-text methods","volume":"10","author":"alsultan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Comput Sci Issues"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2009.5270346"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2008.2001696"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2005.846648"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSICC.2009.5349640"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2006.115"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2013.2257745"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/266420.266434"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1007730.1007735"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"682","article-title":"Using the Nyström method to speed up kernel machines","author":"williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/502512.502540"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10287-005-0003-7"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.558812"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2012.6288316"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/581271.581272"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2004.89"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/322796.322806"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976698300017467"},{"key":"ref22","author":"duda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pattern Classification"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2006.873281"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"441","article-title":"Functions of positive and negative type, and their connection with the theory of integral equations","volume":"209","author":"mercer","year":"1909","journal-title":"Philosoph Trans Roy Soc Lond A"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139176224"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"195","article-title":"On the stability of inverse problems","volume":"39","author":"tikhonov","year":"1943","journal-title":"Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1267351"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2004.830991"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2007.907881"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1007730.1007734"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.953","article-title":"SMOTE: Synthetic minority over-sampling technique","volume":"16","author":"chawla","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Artif Intell Res"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.1986.310699"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2008.2009895"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECTICON.2009.5137142"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.153"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"515","article-title":"Ridge regression learning algorithm in dual variables","author":"saunders","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc 15th Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2009.2015426","article-title":"On a methodology for robust segmentation of nonideal iris images","volume":"40","author":"zuo","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern B Cybern"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2010.2045371","article-title":"Video-based noncooperative iris image segmentation","volume":"41","author":"du","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern B Cybern"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Keystroke biometric recognition on long-text input: A feasibility study","author":"curtin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Int Workshop Sci Comput Comput Stat (IWSCCS)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2011.2155648"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2012.2183635"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2009.2031091"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2010.2044040"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/75577.75582"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Keyboard apparatus for personal identification","volume":"17","author":"spillane","year":"1975","journal-title":"IBM Tech Disclosure Bull"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1995.7.2.219"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2440-0"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2003.818350"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2010.2075927"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1085126.1085129"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.1010"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2009.2032926","article-title":"Regularized locality preserving projections and its extensions for face recognition","volume":"40","author":"lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern B Cybern"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1029208.1029210"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2004.830985"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2012.2200675"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2013.52"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCB.2011.6117552"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"245","article-title":"A kernel-based adaline","author":"frie\u00df","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc European Symp Artificial Neural Networks (ESANN)"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2014.6854761"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74549-5_62"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48412-4_32"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"94","article-title":"Digital fingerprinting based on keystroke dynamics","author":"ahmed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc HAIS"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2008.301"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6221036\/8067607\/07529146.pdf?arnumber=7529146","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T11:40:59Z","timestamp":1641987659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7529146\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcyb.2016.2590472","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-2267","type":"print"},{"value":"2168-2275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}}}