{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T14:48:59Z","timestamp":1773931739898,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004733","name":"University of Macau Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MYRG2018-00138-FST"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MYRG2018-00138-FST"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004733","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004733","name":"University of Macau Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MYRG2016-00134-FST"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MYRG2016-00134-FST"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004733","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau, China","award":["273\/2017\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["273\/2017\/A"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau, China","award":["079\/2017\/A2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["079\/2017\/A2"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau, China","award":["024\/2015\/AMJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["024\/2015\/AMJ"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau, China","award":["0119\/2018\/A3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0119\/2018\/A3"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009019","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["860-000002110121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["860-000002110121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009019","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009019","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["860-000002110122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["860-000002110122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009019","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61871274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61871274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61801305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61801305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81571758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81571758"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61751202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61751202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61751205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61751205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61572540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61572540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1813203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1813203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1801262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1801262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Cybern."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcyb.2020.2969705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T22:20:43Z","timestamp":1582237243000},"page":"1586-1597","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Novel Efficient RNN and LSTM-Like Architectures: Recurrent and Gated Broad Learning Systems and Their Applications for Text Classification"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1518-436X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7997-8279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Man","family":"Vong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5451-7230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. L. Philip","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N18-1202"},{"key":"ref38","author":"devlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"BERT Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding"},{"key":"ref33","author":"chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Empirical evaluation of gated recurrent neural networks on sequence modeling"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1179"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"2342","article-title":"An empirical exploration of recurrent network architectures","author":"jozefowicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 32nd Int Conf Mach Learn (ICML)"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1267351"},{"key":"ref37","author":"conneau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Text Classification"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"649","article-title":"Character-level convolutional networks for text classification","author":"zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCI.2016.0103"},{"key":"ref34","author":"bird","year":"2009","journal-title":"Natural Language Processing with Python Analyzing Text with the Natural Language Toolkit"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/45.329294"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Adaptive filter theory","author":"haykin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Information and System Sciences Series"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5326.897072"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.58337"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218488598000094"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2015.2414920"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2015.7178826"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.03.027"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Unsupervised representation learning with deep convolutional generative adversarial networks","author":"radford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc ICLR"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2017.2702343"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2695539"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2345791"},{"key":"ref27","author":"venugopalan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Translating videos to natural language using deep recurrent neural networks"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2013.2281451"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","article-title":"Deep learning","volume":"521","author":"lecun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref29","author":"liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Recurrent neural network for text classification with multi-task learning"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1390156.1390177"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.650093"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1989.1.2.263"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"2493","article-title":"Natural language processing (almost) from scratch","volume":"12","author":"collobert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2013.6638947"},{"key":"ref1","author":"manning","year":"1999","journal-title":"Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007607513941"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-76280-5_14"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9326-7"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2005.12.126"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2017.2716952"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Recurrent neural network based language model","author":"mikolov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Int Speech Commun Assoc"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2011.2168604"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6221036\/9355833\/09004502.pdf?arnumber=9004502","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T14:53:25Z","timestamp":1652194405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9004502\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcyb.2020.2969705","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-2267","type":"print"},{"value":"2168-2275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}}}