{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:33:11Z","timestamp":1777653191273,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62176085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62176085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62172458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62172458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62576371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62576371"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2122020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2122020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP240101140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP240101140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Higher Education Quality Engineering Project","award":["2024cxtd198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024cxtd198"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Higher Education Quality Engineering Project","award":["2024jyxm0697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024jyxm0697"]}]},{"name":"Hefei Municipal Key Science and Technology Research and Development Program","award":["2025SKJGGHLG004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025SKJGGHLG004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Cybern."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tcyb.2025.3612399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:38:37Z","timestamp":1759945117000},"page":"235-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Improving Question Embeddings With Cognitive Representation Optimization for Knowledge Tracing"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8946-620X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lixiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Hefei University, Hefei, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9931-8735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianwei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Institute of Technology, Hefei, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5056-171X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3210-6906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanlong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Institute of Technology, Hefei, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1033-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4835-4102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, School of Data Science and School of Computer Science and Techonology, University of Science and Technology of China and State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, Hefei, Anhui, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3491-5968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip S.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6887-130X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanyan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, Hong Kong"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8659.1330221"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13470-8_24"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2024.3443993"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2969239.2969296"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3038912.3052580"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386527.3405945"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394486.3403282"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"45","article-title":"A self-attentive model for knowledge tracing","volume-title":"Proc. 12th Int. Conf. Educ. Data Min.","author":"Pandey"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3340531.3411994"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2020\/219"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3488560.3498374"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Last query transformer RNN for knowledge tracing","author":"Jeon","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2102.05038"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-98005-4_19"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEICT55736.2022.9908959"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-022-07834-w"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-86362-3_26"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2024.3465213"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3580595"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2018.2868770"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2023.3346029"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39112-5_18"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3448139.3448188"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Back to the basics: Bayesian extensions of IRT outperform neural networks for proficiency estimation","author":"Wilson","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv:1604.02336"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3990-9"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308558.3313565"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2018.00019"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.11864"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3331184.3331195"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17470218231220928"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.240846"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1930297500004848"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2023.3341982"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2024.3384924"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2024.3443396"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2024.3364375"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2024.3381045"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2022.3221985"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM50108.2020.00063"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447548.3467237"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3580305.3599407"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-8238.2007.00358.x"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2005.50"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12552"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/emip.12605"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ccog.1997.0321"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/emip.12165"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN60899.2024.10649935"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2024.3386810"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3589334.3645373"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6221036\/11306180\/11196052.pdf?arnumber=11196052","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T18:42:46Z","timestamp":1766428966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11196052\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcyb.2025.3612399","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-2267","type":"print"},{"value":"2168-2275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}}}