{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T13:31:17Z","timestamp":1775223077633,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000183","name":"Army Research Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911NF-15-1-0328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF-15-1-0328"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000183","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1320906"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1320906"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Dependable and Secure Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tdsc.2016.2641441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,19]],"date-time":"2016-12-19T19:29:28Z","timestamp":1482175768000},"page":"1068-1082","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["The Rise of Social Botnets: Attacks and Countermeasures"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7483-1275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinxue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5230-5998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0137-0922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanchao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7482-4043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanhua","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","year":"0"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"The rise of digital influence","author":"solis","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23644-0_16","article-title":"Spam filtering\n in twitter using sender-receiver relationship","author":"song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc of the 5th Intl Conf on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1920261.1920263"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1835449.1835522"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1772690.1772751"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1772690.1772715"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards online spam filtering in social networks","author":"gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Symp Network and Distributed System Security"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19260-9_11","article-title":"Detecting and analyzing automated activity on twitter","author":"zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 11th Int Conf Passive Active Meas"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23644-0_17","article-title":"Die free or live hard? empirical evaluation and new design for fighting evolving twitter spammers","author":"yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc of the 5th Intl Conf on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2664243.2664258"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"You followed my bot! transforming\n robots into influential users in twitter","volume":"18","author":"messias","year":"2013","journal-title":"First Monday"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Realboy: Believable twitter bots","author":"coburn","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"The rise of social bots","author":"ferrara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CNS.2013.6682691"},{"key":"ref20","year":"0"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Measuring influence online: A q&a with klout's ceo","author":"hernandez","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"A high klout score can lead to better customer service","author":"knapp","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31284-7_27","article-title":"Detecting social spam\n campaigns on twitter","author":"chu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc 10th Int Conf Appl Cryptogr Netw Security"},{"key":"ref23","year":"0"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Twitter acquires web security firm dasient","author":"mac","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2011.25"},{"key":"ref50","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Detecting spammers on twitter","author":"benevenuto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Collaboration Electronic Messaging Anti-Abuse and Spam Conf"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1935826.1935845"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2009.2034047"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1851182.1851226"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMSNETS.2012.6151333"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"1","article-title":"WARNINGBIRD: Detecting suspicious urls in twitter stream","author":"lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Symp Network and Distributed System Security"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"297","article-title":"Detecting and tracking political abuse in social media","author":"ratkiewicz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 5th Int AAAI Conf Weblogs Social Media"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1963192.1963301"},{"key":"ref40","year":"0"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"142","article-title":"Don't follow me-spam detection in twitter","author":"wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Security and Cryptography"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1963192.1963214"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2187836.2187847"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2187836.2187846"},{"key":"ref16","year":"0"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"10","article-title":"Measuring user influence in twitter: The million\n follower fallacy","author":"cha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc of IntI Conf on Web and Social Media"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1718487.1718520"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Chevy gives 3-day sonic drives to those with big klout","author":"williams","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2076732.2076746"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"4:1","article-title":"Manipulation and abuse on social media","author":"ferrara","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACM SIGWEB Newsl"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"25","article-title":"Reverse engineering socialbot\n infiltration strategies in twitter","author":"freitas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Adv Social Netw Anal Mining"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1526709.1526784"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1866307.1866311"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1879141.1879147"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"TrueTop: A sybil-resilient system for user influence measurement on twitter","author":"zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans Netw"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"243","article-title":"Suspended accounts in retrospect:an\n analysis of twitter spam","author":"thomas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc ACM SIGCOMM Conf Internet Meas Conf"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"15","article-title":"Sybil-resilient online content\n voting","author":"tran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc 6th USENIX Symp Netw Syst Des Implementation"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"576","article-title":"Combating web spam with trustrank","author":"gy\u00f6ngyi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc 30th Int Conf Very Large Data Bases"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"1","article-title":"Aiding the detection of fake accounts in large scale\n social online services","author":"cao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc 9th USENIX Conf Netw Syst Des Implementation"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1159913.1159945"},{"key":"ref42","year":"0"},{"key":"ref41","year":"0"},{"key":"ref44","year":"0"},{"key":"ref43","year":"0"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielaam\/8858\/8528978\/7790819-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/8858\/8528978\/07790819.pdf?arnumber=7790819","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T18:51:29Z","timestamp":1649443889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7790819\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tdsc.2016.2641441","relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-5971","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0018","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2160-9209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]}}}