{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T15:42:04Z","timestamp":1788018124596,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62002094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62002094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2008085MF196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008085MF196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFB2701200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB2701200"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62172040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62172040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1836212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1836212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61872041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61872041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EU","award":["H2020-SU-SEC-2018-832735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020-SU-SEC-2018-832735"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Dependable and Secure Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tdsc.2022.3204287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T20:07:18Z","timestamp":1662408438000},"page":"3002-3018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Astraea: Anonymous and Secure Auditing Based on Private Smart Contracts for Donation Systems"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3553-0813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data (Hefei University of Technology), Ministry of Education; School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solution and Architecture Research Department, NSFOCUS, Milpitas, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3277-3887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liehuang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6313-4407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zijian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5639-0883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianbing","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0051-1551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chhagan","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Systems, CyberSecurity Group, TU Delft, Delft, CD, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3612-1934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and HIT Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOEI48184.2020.9143001"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"663","article-title":"Frontal attack: Leaking control-flow in SGX via the CPU frontend","author":"puddu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc 30th USENIX Secur Symp"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2866512"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"451","article-title":"Hybcache: Hybrid side-channel-resilient caches for trusted execution environments","author":"dessouky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc 29th USENIX Secur Symp"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"The legal and political landscape of donor privacy","author":"parnell","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SRDS47363.2019.00045"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Donor privacy policy","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"1289","article-title":"ROTE: Rollback protection for trusted execution","author":"matetic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 26th USENIX Secur Symp"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978389"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Buterin helping to strategize against Ethereum 51% attack possibility","author":"rirus","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-94478-4_10"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3363205"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2016.2616861"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"557","article-title":"Inferring fine-grained control flow inside SGX enclaves with branch shadowing","author":"lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 26th USENIX Secur Symp"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEIC49074.2020.9051328"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411497.3420213"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Almost ${\\$}$$800 Million in mask scams alleged in the U.S. alone","author":"sternlicht","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Red cross moves thousands of masks stored at Port of Stockton to ’more secure location’","author":"rivera","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Ethereum classic Hit by third 51% attack in a month","author":"voell","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2022.3148379"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2015.10"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"129","article-title":"Non-interactive and information theoretic secure verifiable secret sharing","author":"pedersen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc 8th Annu Int Cryptol Conf"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57048-8_6"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Sequences of games: A tool for taming complexity in security proofs","author":"shoup","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cryptology-eprint-archive"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2016.2549508"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2014.2318435"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3133980"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3005715"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93638-3_41"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref7","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Protecting donor privacy - Philanthropic freedom, anonymity and the first amendment","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg6296"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134010"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Supplies of N95 masks running low as COVID-19 surges","author":"cerullo","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"173","article-title":"Practical byzantine fault tolerance","author":"castro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Symp Oper Syst Des Implementation"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2019.23330"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243857"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP.2019.00023"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.2974537"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1893","article-title":"Towards private, robust, and verifiable crowdsensing systems via public blockchains","volume":"18","author":"cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Dependable Secure Comput"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Intel® software guard extensions (Intel® SGX) developer guide","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2938875"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2928256"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Face masks are again in short supply as Covid-19 cases surge","author":"hufford","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"WHO coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"1","article-title":"ZooKeeper: Wait-free coordination for Internet-scale systems","author":"hunt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc 21st USENIX Annu Tech Conf"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"1353","article-title":"Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts","author":"kalodner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc 27th USENIX Secur Symp"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2021.3130583"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Ethereum","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978326"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2016.55"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"65","article-title":"zkLedger: Privacy-preserving auditing for distributed ledgers","author":"narula","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc 15th USENIX Symp Networked Syst Des Implementation"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2886932"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system","author":"nakamoto","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2487726.2488368"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-29959-0_37"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Innovative technology for CPU based attestation and sealing","author":"anati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc 2nd Int Workshop Hardware Architectural Support Secur Privacy"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/8858\/10177761\/09878045.pdf?arnumber=9878045","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T17:38:00Z","timestamp":1691084280000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9878045\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tdsc.2022.3204287","relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-5971","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0018","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2160-9209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]}}}