{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T15:35:16Z","timestamp":1777736116890,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61972306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61972306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"SongShan Laboratory","award":["YYJC012022005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YYJC012022005"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Lab","award":["2021KD0AB03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021KD0AB03"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Lab's International Talent Fund for Young Professionals"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Dependable and Secure Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tdsc.2023.3238408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T18:50:36Z","timestamp":1674240636000},"page":"4976-4992","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Extended Research on the Security of Visual Reasoning CAPTCHA"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6192-6251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4969-5718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haichang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenxuan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yipeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5648-9843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Zi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2807385"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2991079.2991083"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.279"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"3","article-title":"The end is nigh: Generic solving of text-based {CAPTCHAs}","volume-title":"Proc. 8th USENIX Workshop Offensive Technol.","author":"Bursztein"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2046707.2046724"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557322"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Computers beat humans at single character recognition in reading based human interaction proofs (HIPs)","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Email Anti-Spam","author":"Chellapilla"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00756"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1315245.1315291"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIT\/IUCC\/DASC\/PICOM.2015.332"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2017.2682704"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2508859.2516732"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2016.23154"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag2612"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1455770.1455838"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Explaining and harnessing adversarial examples","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv:1412.6572"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1526709.1526822"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2012.08.013"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00745"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Compositional attention networks for machine reasoning","author":"Hudson","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1803.03067"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.215"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.325"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","author":"Kingma","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv:1412.6980"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-013-1823-z"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.l007\/978-3-319-46448-0_2"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1682","article-title":"A multi-world approach to question answering about real-world scenes based on uncertain input","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Malinowski"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2003.1211347"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2557642.2557653"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2017.2718479"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Yolov3: An incremental improvement","author":"Redmon","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1804.02767"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2016.2577031"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-003-0122-3"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.650093"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2021.3071395"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00857"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP.2016.37"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2018.2821096"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3366423.3380166"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2018.23253"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2076732.2076766"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/966389.966390"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160379"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2018.8461764"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2020.2971477"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSAC.2007.47"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1455770.1455839"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243754"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3270101.3270104"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1866307.1866329"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2928622"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.11.057"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2982945"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"CAPTCHA recognition with active deep learning","volume-title":"Proc. Workshop New Challenges Neural Comput.","author":"Stark"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ise2.12047"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"3291","article-title":"Research on the security of visual reasoning {CAPTCHA}","volume-title":"Proc. 30th USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Gao"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372297.3417258"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2020.3013376"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3505226"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/REEPE53907.2022.9731423"},{"key":"ref72","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"Simonyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv:1409.1556"},{"key":"ref73","article-title":"Nesterov accelerated gradient and scale invariance for adversarial attacks","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1908.06281"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3422622"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19836-6_6"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.244"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00916"},{"key":"ref78","article-title":"CommonsenseQA: A question answering challenge targeting commonsense knowledge","author":"Talmor","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1811.00937"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1470"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/8858\/10314839\/10023959.pdf?arnumber=10023959","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T06:50:02Z","timestamp":1707807002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10023959\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tdsc.2023.3238408","relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-5971","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0018","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2160-9209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}}}