{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T03:18:04Z","timestamp":1778901484250,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Google’s ASPIRE Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Dependable and Secure Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tdsc.2026.3660642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T20:57:25Z","timestamp":1770152245000},"page":"5971-5988","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unveiling the Global Landscape of Android Security Updates"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0496-9885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiyun","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyber-Physical Systems Security Lab, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5472-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fcliz Seray","family":"Tuncay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4891-160X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas","family":"Acar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyber-Physical Systems Security Lab, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5212-1261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esteban","family":"Luques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyber-Physical Systems Security Lab, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2650-2055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harun","family":"Oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyber-Physical Systems Security Lab, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4114-5321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"Aris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyber-Physical Systems Security Lab, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9823-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selcuk","family":"Uluagac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyber-Physical Systems Security Lab, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2009.26"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3448609"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2017.39"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2018.23210"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"415","article-title":"See no evil: Phishing for permissions with false transparency","volume-title":"Proc. 29th USENIX Conf. Secur. Symp.","author":"Tuncay","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP54263.2024.00077"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSEC.2024.3461629"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2025.240340"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3719027.3765093"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Android security bulletins","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Google android vulnerability statistics","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Android security bulletins","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Mobile vendor market share worldwide","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3510003.3510072"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372297.3423346"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"3649","article-title":"An investigation of the android kernel patch ecosystem","volume-title":"Proc. 30th USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Zhang","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2024.24175"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Vivo product security updates (United Kingdom)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Google android vulnerability statistics","author":"Ranger","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Unpatched strandhogg android vulnerability actively exploited in the wild","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Mind the gap","author":"Beer","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"API bug in OAuth dev tool opened websites, apps to account hijacking","author":"Weigand","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"FTC recommends steps to improve mobile device security update practices","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Google verified devices and services","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Android and Google devices security reward program rules","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Common weakness enumeration (CWE)","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Compatibility test suite","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Security updates and resources","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Modular system components","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Android security bulletin","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Android security bulletin\u2014November 2016","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Android 10 release notes","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Pixel update bulletins","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Oppo reno4 firmware updates","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Xiaomi official API","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Huawei stock rom","author":"Rom","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Factory images for nexus and pixel devices","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Codenames, tags, and build numbers","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Android security bulletins","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Unveiling the global landscape of android security updates","author":"Deng","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"Galaxy Z fold3 5G (SM-F926U1)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Devices secured by knox","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"List of samsung CSC codes| samsung firmware CSC codes","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Keeping android up-to-date: Mitigating risk with security updates","author":"Snyder","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Samsung security bulletin","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Miui updates tracker V3","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Regional names of xiaomi devices","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Security updates details","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Oppo A11K firmware updates","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Security advisories","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Pixel update bulletins: Android open source project","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"Security updates","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Help library","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"LG mobile security bulletins","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Security bulletins for huawei phones\/tablets","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Introduction to samsung security updates","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"Internet archive","author":"Machine","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Security advisories","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"Security updates for smartphones","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Android updates on nexus devices","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Learn when you\u2019ll get software updates on google pixel phones","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"Vivo android\u2122 security updates"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"Android security advisories","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"Oppo pembaruan firmware reno4 lite","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref70","article-title":"Oppo reno4 f firmware updates","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref71","article-title":"Introduction to samsung security updates","author":"Machine","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref72","article-title":"Galaxy s10 5G (sm-g977b)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref73","article-title":"Galaxy s10 5G (SM-G977B)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref74","article-title":"Galaxy s10 5G (SM-G977B)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref75","article-title":"Galaxy s10 5G (SM-G977B)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"Galaxy s10 5G (SM-G977B)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"Cve-2023-21287 detail","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref78","article-title":"Oppo find X firmware updates","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref79","article-title":"ISO-3166-countries-with-regional-codes","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref80","article-title":"About secured by knox, android - others and android go devices","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref81","article-title":"System security best practices: Android open source project","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref82","article-title":"Huawei EMUI\/Magic UI security updates","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref83","article-title":"LG mobile security bulletins","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref84","article-title":"LG mobile phones & tablets FAQs","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref85","article-title":"Galaxy S20 FE 5G (SM-G781B)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref86","article-title":"Galaxy S20 FE 5G (SM-G781B)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref87","article-title":"Security updates","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref88","article-title":"Galaxy M40 (SM-M405F)","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref89","article-title":"Galaxy products launched since 2019, including the Z, S, Note, A, M, XCover and tab series, will now receive at least four years of security updates","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref90","article-title":"Samsung sets the new standard with four generations of os upgrades to ensure the most up-to-date and more secure galaxy experience","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref91","article-title":"Android security updates","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref92","article-title":"Designing mobile phones and tablets to be sustainable\u2013ecodesign","author":"Commission","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref93","article-title":"Blackberry product security incident response team","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref94","article-title":"Will my nokia smartphone receive security updates?","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref95","article-title":"Nokia smartphone security maintenance release summary","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref96","article-title":"Oneplus smartphone software update","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref97","article-title":"Software&driver update","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref98","article-title":"Latest updates","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref99","article-title":"Samsung galaxy S22 ultra software update","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref100","article-title":"AT&T device support","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref101","article-title":"Wireless T-mobile support","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref102","article-title":"Software updates for devices","author":"Australia","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref103","article-title":"OS upgrade schedule","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref104","article-title":"Get help from your device manufacturer & mobile carrier","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref105","article-title":"The first security update for samsung phones in 2020 solves over 50 vulnerabilities. The first security update for samsung phones in 2020 solves over 50 security vulnerabilities","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40001.2021.00074"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3366423.3380078"},{"key":"ref108","article-title":"Hey google, what exactly do your security patches tell us? A large-scale empirical study on android patched vulnerabilities","author":"Farhang","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3321705.3329831"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3376121"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-61638-0_29"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MDM.2019.00118"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3419394.3423656"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/8858\/11517592\/11370963-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/8858\/11517592\/11370963.pdf?arnumber=11370963","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T03:02:24Z","timestamp":1778900544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11370963\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tdsc.2026.3660642","relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-5971","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0018","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2160-9209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}}}