{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:37:32Z","timestamp":1790937452483,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&#x0026;D Program of China","award":["2024YFB4506200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFB4506200"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation from NUDT","award":["ZK24-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZK24-05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Dependable and Secure Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tdsc.2026.3691741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T19:52:03Z","timestamp":1778615523000},"page":"9286-9301","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clara: A Cross-Modal Learning Framework for Enhanced Vulnerability Detection"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8642-8582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1469-2063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shangwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5905-4677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3440-9520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yihao","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8084-8009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liqian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4204-7424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2474118"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-023-3787-y"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2024.2764"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3699711"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2020.2993293"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3639476.3639762"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"355","article-title":"A rapid review on graph-based learning vulnerability detection","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Qual. Inf. Commun. Technol.","author":"Foulefack","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2020.2978386"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3746027.3755870"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2023.3244397"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1176898"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2024.112031"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE48619.2023.00188"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3524842.3527949"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE56229.2023.00084"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-024-10892-x"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2024.102748"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3607199.3607242"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE55347.2025.00038"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3533767.3534380"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2023.3286586"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-025-00983-8"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3510003.3510229"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2021.3051525"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2018.23158"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3639478.3643065"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3797277"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3436877"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3468264.3468597"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"10197","article-title":"Devign: Effective vulnerability identification by learning comprehensive program semantics via graph neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"32","author":"Zhou","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE48619.2023.00191"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2024.3427815"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"RoBERTa: A robustly optimized BERT pretraining approach","author":"Liu","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.acl-long.499"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2023.102024"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2024.3377280"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"11983","article-title":"Graph transformer networks","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"32","author":"Yun","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3275156"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.acl-short.8"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19827-4_41"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00256"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3664647.3681492"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00084"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00041"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00745"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3475960.3475985"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2021.3087402"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3597503.3623345"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3597503.3639168"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3524842.3528452"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3611643.3616358"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3715736"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"DeepSeek-V3 technical report","author":"Liu","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"GPT-4o system card","author":"Hurst","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Qwen2. 5-coder technical report","author":"Hui","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.acl-industry.89"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Code Llama: Open foundation models for code","author":"Roziere","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Comparison of static application security testing tools and large language models for repo-level vulnerability detection","author":"Zhou","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2025.3593515"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/8858\/11603880\/11514030.pdf?arnumber=11514030","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T20:08:47Z","timestamp":1783973327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11514030\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tdsc.2026.3691741","relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-5971","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0018","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2160-9209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}}}