{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T21:39:57Z","timestamp":1773265197377,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tem.2018.2889517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,9]],"date-time":"2019-02-09T01:39:07Z","timestamp":1549676347000},"page":"950-962","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Key Criticisms of Six Sigma: A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8003-5216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Sony","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8197-5736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiju","family":"Antony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mutingi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPPM-04-2013-0077"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17410401211277165"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2004.10.003"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09544780410541945"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"30","article-title":"After Six Sigma—What's next?","volume":"39","author":"bisgaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Prog"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"37","article-title":"What's wrong with Six Sigma?","volume":"38","author":"goodman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qual Prog"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPPM-03-2017-0063"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2602437"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17542730910995882"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1049\/me:20010308","article-title":"A strategy for survival","volume":"80","author":"antony","year":"2001","journal-title":"Manuf Eng"},{"key":"ref28","volume":"4","author":"musgrave","year":"1970","journal-title":"Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge Proceedings of the International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science London 1965"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shpsa.2010.11.031"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"30","article-title":"Six Sigma: What went wrong?","volume":"1","author":"del angel","year":"2008","journal-title":"CRM Mag"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJQRM-08-2016-0135"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJQRM-08-2014-0120"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02686900410557908"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09544780210416702"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09544780210416702"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14783360500077542"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12063-009-0020-8"},{"key":"ref100","article-title":"Why successful companies stop growing","author":"ashkenas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Harvard Bus Rev"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJQRM-09-2013-0147"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"11","article-title":"Six Sigma: So yesterday","volume":"4038","author":"hindo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bus Week"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8551.00375"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1553-7250(10)36081-8"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534484307303035"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200501000-00008"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2009.05.024"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2003.00177.x"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"92b","volume":"1","author":"popay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Guidance on the Conduct of Narrative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"ref53","author":"flick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Introducing Research Methodology A Beginner's Guide to doing a Research Project"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2006.04044.x"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJQRM-08-2016-0127"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2010.2081992"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBEX.2011.041059"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08982110008962595"},{"key":"ref5","author":"folaron","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Evolution of Six Sigma"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2008.02.001"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"8","article-title":"3M's innovation crisis: How Six Sigma almost smothered its idea culture","volume":"1","author":"hindo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bus Week"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02656711011014276"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2007.06.007"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"62","article-title":"Six Sigma's seven deadly sins","volume":"44","author":"zimmerman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Quality"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02656710810898658"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"10","article-title":"Six Sigma shortcomings","volume":"38","author":"berg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ind Eng"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"29","article-title":"Shackled by bad Six Sigma?: Here are the top 10 reasons why Six Sigma implementations fail","volume":"25","author":"mullavey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qual Dig"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17511870710829355"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13660750610664991"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1049\/me:20020102","article-title":"design for six sigma","volume":"81","author":"antony","year":"2002","journal-title":"Manufacturing Engineer"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"82","article-title":"Design for Six Sigma","volume":"35","author":"mader","year":"2002","journal-title":"Qual Prog"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CTS.2013.6567202"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2013.645"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5815\/ijmecs.2012.03.02"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104225879401800201"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JBIM-07-2015-0135"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"8","article-title":"At 3M, a struggle between efficiency and creativity","volume":"11","author":"hindo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bus Week"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJLSS-04-2014-0010"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIME.2009.120"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.10.015"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/14637150610657558"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"73","article-title":"Six Sigma in customer satisfaction","volume":"27","author":"fortenot","year":"1994","journal-title":"Qual Prog"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21693277.2018.1540949"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02656719510084745"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpim.12338"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/41166636"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-23979-5"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-750X(97)10010-9"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38709-8_6"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.919"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2015.7301606"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"60","article-title":"Six Sigma: A breakthrough strategy for profitability","volume":"31","author":"harry","year":"1998","journal-title":"Qual Prog"},{"key":"ref136","first-page":"3","article-title":"The economic role of SMEs in world economy, especially in Europe","volume":"4","author":"luk\u00e1cs","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Integration Studies"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/kjbm.v2i1.44408"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"Where process-improvement projects go wrong","volume":"255","author":"chakravorty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Wall Street J"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14783363.2010.483100"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09526860810900691"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"208","article-title":"Implementation of Six Sigma projects in fortune 500 companies","volume":"12","author":"wasage","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2009.07.009"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2010.05.008"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.06.146"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14697017.2011.630506"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"133","article-title":"Cracking the code of change","volume":"78","author":"beer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Harvard Bus Rev"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02656711211258535"},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"1","article-title":"Understanding the benefits and limitations of Six Sigma methodology","volume":"2","author":"fursule","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Sci Res Publ"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203794043-6"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CBI.2017.70"},{"key":"ref95","author":"pande","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Six Sigma Way How GE Motorola and Other Top Companies are Honing Their Performance"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-2325-2_15"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/20401461011033149"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJQRM-03-2016-0035"},{"key":"ref93","first-page":"107","article-title":"Six Sigma and innovation","volume":"6","author":"inman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Manage Inf Decis Sci"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJPMB.2013.057724"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2012.2215040"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/20401461311319310"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09544120120102469"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17410401211188560"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2017.2678485"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17410401111101494"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/npr.10066"},{"key":"ref111","first-page":"79","article-title":"Inventive qualitative methodology in services: Six Sigma with TRIZ","volume":"8","author":"sony","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Prof Manage"},{"key":"ref112","first-page":"529","article-title":"Integrated TRIZ and Six Sigma theories for service\/process innovation","author":"zhao","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf on Services Syst and Services Management"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/20401461211243720"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.13.080187.002003"},{"key":"ref99","author":"mouzelis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Organizational Pathology Life and Death of Organizations"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJPQM.2009.025190"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02656710410542070"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119968405.ch1"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13683040110385809"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13683040210451679"},{"key":"ref13","author":"breyfogle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Implementing Six Sigma Smarter Solutions Using Statistical Methods"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2009.01.003"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02656710510617265"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-5823.2008.00061.x"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/01409170910952921"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446251782","author":"alvesson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Making Sense of Management A Critical Introduction"},{"key":"ref117","author":"deming","year":"2000","journal-title":"Out of the Crisis"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"208","article-title":"The impact of Six Sigma improvement—A glimpse into the future of statistics","volume":"53","author":"hahn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Amer Statist"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02656710010306148"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1478336032000090969"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17410401311309203"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14783363.2015.1092866"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02656710710730889"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02656710910975741"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570510592389"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14783363.2014.959255"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12063-008-0005-z"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/01443570410532579"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02656711111132562"},{"key":"ref120","article-title":"It's time to rethink continuous improvement","author":"ashkenas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Harvard Bus Rev"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.1986.6447648"},{"key":"ref121","article-title":"Why continuous improvement may need to be discontinued","author":"ashkenas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Forbes"},{"key":"ref122","first-page":"98","article-title":"Match your innovation strategy to your innovation ecosystem","volume":"84","author":"adner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Harvard Bus Rev"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.424"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/257602"},{"key":"ref86","author":"asefeso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lean Six Sigma Cost Reduction Strategies"},{"key":"ref87","first-page":"30","article-title":"Six Sigma: Fad or fundamental","author":"ramberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Qual Dig"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0576(01)80028-3"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/17\/9142463\/08637760.pdf?arnumber=8637760","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]],"date-time":"2022-09-11T17:07:07Z","timestamp":1662916027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8637760\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":136,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tem.2018.2889517","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9391","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}}}