{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T22:48:03Z","timestamp":1778539683505,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"name":"EuroTech Universities Alliance"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IP-2018-01-7269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2018-01-7269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tem.2019.2935932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T20:05:26Z","timestamp":1567713926000},"page":"1867-1879","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Process Modularity Over Time: Modeling Process Execution as an Evolving Activity Network"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0017-4057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Parraguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6986-3344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastiano A.","family":"Piccolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6295-6524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija Majda","family":"Perisic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9700-008X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Storga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3890-6452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja M.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19345-3"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-011-0111-z"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-003-0037-1"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sys.21345"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cplx.20156"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01284-6_3"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2009.935307"},{"key":"ref39","author":"simon","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Sciences of the Artificial"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"11","article-title":"Using data- and network science to reveal iterations and phase-transitions in the design process","author":"piccolo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 21st Int Conf Eng Des"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4005069"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.1981.6448589"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400087101"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.65.066130"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35019019"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/30918","article-title":"Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’ networks","volume":"393","author":"watts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dsj.2017.32"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.76.045103"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501426102"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1209\/epl\/i2002-00248-2"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.89.208701"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-003-0036-2"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001630050021"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1999.tb01599.x"},{"key":"ref63","author":"stevenson","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Oxford English Dictionary"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1060.0617"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84628-061-0"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jit.2000030"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2015.2469680"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-007-0039-5"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.69.016113"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20963-5"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"Systems Engineering Handbook: A Guide for System Life Cycle Processes and Activities, version 4.0","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref69","author":"haskins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Systems Engineering Handbook"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.03.040"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.12495"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5885.2010.00785.x"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/17.946528"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2016.2614881"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.509"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511761942"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-33781-4_8"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.74.47","article-title":"Statistical mechanics of complex networks","volume":"74","author":"barab\u00e1si","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Mod Phys"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2771182"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2003.810826"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2013.07.004"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1060.0552"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-016-0226-3"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-018-0301-z"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-002-0020-2"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJPD.2008.016373"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-015-0189-9"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09544828.2013.769207"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2013.793430"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09574099810805825"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"84","article-title":"Managing in an age of modularity","volume":"75","author":"baldwin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Harv Bus Rev"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2018.2790839"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"467","article-title":"The architecture of complexity","volume":"106","author":"simon","year":"1962","journal-title":"Proc Amer Philos Soc"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"953","article-title":"Product variety optimization under modular architecture","volume":"34","author":"fujita","year":"2002","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0020754031000149248"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-32834-3_9"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1030.0145"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01908075"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-005-7030-7"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2284239"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-85758-7_5"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21278\/idc.2018.0283"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2007.906854"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"583","article-title":"Cluster ensembles – A knowledge reuse framework for combining multiple partitions","volume":"3","author":"strehl","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-019-00310-y"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159161"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2009.2033144"},{"key":"ref4","author":"ulrich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Product Design and Development"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3069394"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/8799.001.0001"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2010.2093531"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4027495"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"From modularity to emergence: A primer on the design and science of complex systems","author":"chen","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref86","author":"brooks","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Mythical Man-Month (Anniversary Ed )"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2366.001.0001"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1063293X07079321"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1100.1148"},{"key":"ref88","article-title":"Modelling and simulating the effect of coordination on pd performance while handling change","volume":"2","author":"rajapaksha","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2370.2009.00260.x","article-title":"The concept of modularity in management studies: A literature review","volume":"12","author":"campagnolo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Manage Rev"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106329303034503"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2018.02.011"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2008\/10\/P10008"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/8896.001.0001"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.69.026113"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1564074"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2009.11.002"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601602103"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/17\/9520681\/08825497.pdf?arnumber=8825497","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:53:55Z","timestamp":1721696035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8825497\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tem.2019.2935932","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9391","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}}}