{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T16:23:12Z","timestamp":1774369392943,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tem.2021.3069147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T19:45:52Z","timestamp":1619725552000},"page":"2293-2304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Role of Supporting Factors on Patenting Activities in Emerging Entrepreneurial Universities"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2176-622X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilker Murat","family":"AR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Administration, Ankara Y&#x0131;ld&#x0131;r&#x0131;m Beyaz&#x0131;t University, Ankara, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6391-7372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serdal","family":"Temel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Ege University Turkey, &#x0130;zmir, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8374-9719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Dabic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics and Business, Department of International Economics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8964-9521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy","family":"Howells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kent Business School, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6806-935X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Mert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Ege University, &#x0130;zmir, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0830-8224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rustem","family":"Baris Yesilay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aviation Higher Vocational School (HVS), Ege University, \u0130zmir, Turkey"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JKM-11-2019-0651"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2003.12.008"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-019-09736-x"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2018.05.003"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(96)00893-1"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1073686"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"729","article-title":"The effects of the Bayh-Dole Act on US university research and technology transfer: An analysis of data from Columbia University, the university of California, and Stanford university","volume":"29","author":"mowery","year":"1999","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10438599700000006"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01096406"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3152\/095820208X287171"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007895322042"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-017-9620-x"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2014.882502"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2011.543329"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13552551211239483"},{"key":"ref41","author":"goddard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Connecting Universities to Regional Growth A Practical Guide"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2018.10.017"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2020.3042452"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wpi.2012.03.002"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/radm.12300"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-016-9496-1"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2020.120296"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-018-9660-x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2018.10.011"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137579829_7"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJTM.2009.023374"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2017.03.018"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"1","article-title":"The relationship between R&D government support and patents for SMEs in emerging economies: A Turkish case study","volume":"12","author":"yesilay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of technology management &amp; innovation"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2018.12.004"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.05.014"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-019-00189-y"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.002"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2005.01.005"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2016.1141404"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537320903498538"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scaman.2009.08.001"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9781786432797.00013"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891242405283387"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(01)00196-2"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-019-09732-1","article-title":"The Croatian path from socialism to European membership through the lens of technology transfer policies","volume":"44","author":"\u0161varc","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Technol Transfer"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2013.806457"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-018-0579-0"},{"key":"ref25","author":"commission","year":"2014","journal-title":"Boosting Open Innovation and Knowledge Transfer in the European Union"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2019.2905297"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9780857936493.00013"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroecorev.2019.08.006"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007892413701"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2015.1029901"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021678719567"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(99)00055-4"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scaman.2015.02.003"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2008.04.012"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2006.05.007"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-018-9673-5"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-007-0206-5"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9780857938008.00008"},{"key":"ref11","author":"howells","year":"1998","journal-title":"Industry-Academic Links in the U K"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2019.01.092"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2008.09.004"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2018.03.008"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-015-9416-9"},{"key":"ref125","first-page":"60","article-title":"A methodology for building a patent test collection for prior art search","author":"graf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc 2nd Int Workshop Eval Inf Access"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02642069.2015.1080243"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2019.1614158"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2012.09.007"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2006.01.004"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(00)00160-8"},{"key":"ref92","first-page":"419","article-title":"The contribution of international graduate students to US innovation","volume":"16","author":"chellaraj","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Economic Review"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0741-6261.2008.00020.x"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.1070.0295"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/dtm016"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-020-03420-w"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2010.09.010"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00191-011-0243-3"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-009-0001-6"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-009-0003-4"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/emr.2008.9"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/dts047"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"15","article-title":"Individual versus institutional ownership of university-discovered inventions","author":"czarnitzki","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2006.04.005"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/003465398557221"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20160284"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2018.03.001"},{"key":"ref108","first-page":"363","article-title":"The role of collaboration, market and intellectual property rights awareness in university technology commercialization","volume":"6","author":"govindaraju","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of technology management &amp; innovation"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.04.015"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2006.09.025"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2010.2048915"},{"key":"ref107","first-page":"12","article-title":"Technology transfer and the academic department: Who participates and why","volume":"15","author":"bercovitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"DRUID Summer Conference"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10438590600982855"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02634509410069038"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0170840608094773"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/14691930010324124"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/tie.22166","article-title":"A new innovation paradigm: European cohesion policy and the retreat of public science in countries in Europe's scientific periphery","volume":"62","author":"\u0161varc","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thunderbird Int Bus Rev"},{"key":"ref102","article-title":"Technology development regions","author":"science","year":"2020","journal-title":"Industrial Technology"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13662716.2019.1709421"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.12164"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scaman.2013.12.005"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891242412471845"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2016.2535296"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2009.06.013"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w11561"},{"key":"ref112","article-title":"Disseminating intellectual property knowledge in universities","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxrep\/grm036"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1048-4736(05)16001-9"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-005-6110-3"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.29.12.1349"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/IJABE.2018070102"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3152\/030234210X12778118264576"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2012.10.005"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2015.05.007"},{"key":"ref118","author":"agresti","year":"2018","journal-title":"An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2009.12.001"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3152\/147154403781776735"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-9026(02)00114-3"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-012-9258-7"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2011.05.008"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/256995"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2008.07.007"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2013.823149"},{"key":"ref60","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Intellectual Property Indicators"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6419.2006.00261.x"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijindorg.2006.06.001"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJTM.2003.003086"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2014.881344"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"5","article-title":"The &#x2018;national system of innovation&#x2019; in historical perspective","volume":"19","author":"freeman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cambridge J Econ"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJTG.2004.004551"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/17\/10081320\/09418622.pdf?arnumber=9418622","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T18:20:41Z","timestamp":1682360441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9418622\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tem.2021.3069147","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9391","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}}}