{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T09:19:08Z","timestamp":1769591948859,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Greater Cities Commission"},{"name":"New South Wales State Government Division"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tem.2025.3646446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T05:44:48Z","timestamp":1769492688000},"page":"863-878","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Framework for Measuring Innovation District Performance: Input\u2013Output Metrics for Policy and Practice"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5160-0888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Bliemel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transdisciplinary School, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5295-0126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarrod","family":"Ormiston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sydney Business School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1784-2012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Henrik","family":"Gruenhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transdisciplinary School, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3145-721X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jochen","family":"Schweitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business School, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1099-5534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Gonzalez","family":"Lago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transdisciplinary School, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0457-3258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilek","family":"Cetindamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8493-7313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renu","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business School, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2020.104595"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"The rise of innovation districts: A new geography of innovation in America","author":"Katz","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/ijkbd.2015.072823"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0308518x211049445"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-17308-1_17"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1344\/jesb2022.2.j105"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12083232"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.138079"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3768\/rtipress.2018.op.0059.1902"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2022.104042"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13662716.2021.1929870"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9781789904567"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2019.101813"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/21971927-bja10040"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13522759910270016"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/160940690600500107"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tem.2019.2914408"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tem.2020.3022465"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tem.2023.3247970"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tem.2018.2859162"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tem.2022.3233859"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tem.2007.912810"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tem.2007.912815"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10780874231173618"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119084679.ch4"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315856650"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.03.032"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13574809.2018.1454259"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2017.09.014"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.cje.a035309"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13662710601130863"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10438599400000004"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0048-7333(97)00025-5"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00343404.2011.596701"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"27","article-title":"Analysing the dynamics and functionality of sectoral innovation systems","volume-title":"Proc. DRUID 10th Anniversary Summer Conf.","author":"Bergek"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0048-7333(01)00139-1"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2007.12.003"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/05390184030423002"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089124240001400105"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15575330609490152"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429494697"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483398631"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09654313.2015.1061484"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63531-6_9"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00343400600725228"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5551-3_5"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9781847207012.00064"},{"key":"ref48","volume-title":"Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions, and Organizations","author":"Edquist","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199286805.003.0011"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2005.01.002"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJTLID.2008.019980"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-98187-7_15"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09654319708720402"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09654313.2013.861809"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00343400601120270"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9781784710774.00010"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/ijesb.2017.083847"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00343400903389979"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00191-009-0135-y"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/dtz035"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sej.1268"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2021.104336"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/zfw-2018-0014"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00343404.2014.959481"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09654313.2017.1299694"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2018.05.005"},{"key":"ref67","volume-title":"OECD 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264304604-en"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"Mapping NSW innovation precincts report","author":"Agarwal","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21681376.2022.2144427"},{"key":"ref71","article-title":"NSW innovation precincts: Lessons from international experience","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08985626.2018.1537152"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2021.104317"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2021.104437"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2021.104398"},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"Atlas of Innovation Districts","author":"Burke","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9781847204387"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15586898221126816"},{"key":"ref79","article-title":"The NSW industry development framework","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-017-0574-8"},{"key":"ref81","volume-title":"Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques","author":"Strauss","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w7345"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199286805.003.0006"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/wentk\/9780190640118.001.0001"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tem.2009.2023086"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/s1363919617400102"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jcb.2008.16"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"5","article-title":"Drivers and interpretations of doctoral education today: National comparisons","volume":"3","author":"Anders","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontline Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref89","article-title":"Global entrepreneurship monitor 20222023 global report: Adapting to a new normal","author":"Hill","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.32.5.590"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9310.2008.00515.x"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/etap.12103"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2096399"},{"key":"ref94","article-title":"Accelerating NSW: The impact of coworking spaces, accelerators, incubators, and startup hubs","author":"Ormiston","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref95","article-title":"Accelerating NSW: Insights from startups and startup support organisations","author":"Ormiston","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref96","article-title":"Assessing your innovation district: A how to guide","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203997673"},{"key":"ref98","article-title":"Annex 2: Technology readiness level","author":"Council","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2023.113860"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13063503"},{"key":"ref101","article-title":"Innovation districts and the centrality of land","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/17\/11304260\/11363465.pdf?arnumber=11363465","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T20:29:00Z","timestamp":1769545740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11363465\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":101,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tem.2025.3646446","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9391","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}