{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T01:44:03Z","timestamp":1776908643134,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tem.2026.3662811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T21:04:35Z","timestamp":1770671075000},"page":"1820-1840","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Technology-Driven Emergency Mass Evacuation: An Operations and Engineering Management Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Jafarian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Supply Chain, Purchasing &amp; Project Management Department, Excelia Business School&#x2014;CERIIM, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7383-4714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza Zanjirani","family":"Farahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Department, Paris School of Business, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5868-2388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias Andersson","family":"Granberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Link&#x00F6;ping University, Norrk&#x00F6;ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1747-3852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krisjanis","family":"Steins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Link&#x00F6;ping University, Norrk&#x00F6;ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2015.09.022"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBDATA.2024.3524828"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.110802"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"21","article-title":"The application of location based services in national emergency warning systems: SMS, cell broadcast services and beyond","volume-title":"Proc. Recent Adv. Nat. Secur. Technol. Res., Proc. Nat. Secur. Sci. Innov. Conf.","author":"Aloudat"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2018.02.021"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2022.03.001"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PerComW.2014.6815272"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19427867.2024.2415753"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sorms.2016.11.001"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2025.3631137"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2017.07.001"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.2019.0799"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2012.07.036"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Natural disasters 2024: Climate change is showing its claws","author":"Blunck","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Preparedness in America\u2019s schools: A comprehensive look at terrorism preparedness in America\u2019s twenty largest school districts","volume":"21","author":"Brill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rep. Published by the America Prepared Campaign, Inc. Retrieved September"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-95-0100-7_9"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-82714-3_32"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.11.056"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2022.113743"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2019.2940832"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse9111272"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.05.174"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.2020.1020"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2021.11.002"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/254169"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2005.01.001"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IOTM.0001.2100006"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/WAF-D-22-0039.1"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2022.3222235"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnlssr.2024.04.002"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2910308"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2019.101281"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.10.007"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-023-05307-4"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2022.103159"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2022.07.019"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdisas.2023.100277"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/a13100254"},{"key":"ref39","year":"2012","journal-title":""},{"key":"ref40","year":"2014","journal-title":""},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2015.05.049"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1193\/1.4000127"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01605682.2019.1630328"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2016.10.001"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2019.01.025"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2022.103190"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18190-5"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.14018"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOCO53166.2021.9673501"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120905301863"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.12591"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2024.105119"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2014.02.004"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2021.113712"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-018-0826-z"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2011.07.008"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2018.12.024"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2024.100930"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2842630"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.08.177"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdisas.2024.100348"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19475705.2020.1760360"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2020.101481"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.07.012"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2018.01.050"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.06.015"},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"159","article-title":"A 3D data model and topological analyses for emergency response in urban areas","volume-title":"Geospatial Information Technology for Emergency Response","author":"Lee","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnlssr.2022.03.007"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2007.06.014"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-006-9013-1"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2024.2309312"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2024.105110"},{"key":"ref75","article-title":"London Resilience Group, London Resilience Partnership Mass Evacuation Framework, Version 3.0, London Resilience Partnership, Greater London Authority","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2016.06.018"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2023.109563"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2025.104709"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19475705.2020.1745903"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2025.103075"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2025.106835"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2015.03.016"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2015.2497213"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7232\/iems.2014.13.4.398"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2024.3508037"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trip.2023.100883"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2024.131508"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2011.0277"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2021.1950937"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2021.105122"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63254-4_27"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(95)00112-3"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2018.07.010"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2024.3458901"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2021.103188"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2018.1509392"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1070.0764"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2022.103226"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2022.3227329"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2020.1761565"},{"key":"ref101","article-title":"Artificial intelligence: A modern approach","author":"Russell","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-018-2807-1"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2013.03.009"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2014.08.008"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/20168105002"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-023-02418-z"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-318X.2009.01043.x"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-020-03893-1"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43065-025-00122-6"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2913340"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2022.3211552"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2021.103147"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdisas.2024.100314"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INCOFT55651.2022.10094529"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2024.106557"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/15697320-01540021"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2016.2571269"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12244169"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafrearsci.2025.105856"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2602125"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2020.105145"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2024.103558"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2015.11.010"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2016.04.005"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.14188"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2020.102227"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2022.103373"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2020.102260"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-018-2758-6"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13669877.2015.1115424"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2023.102781"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13669877.2015.1121902"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2017.03.001"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2024.105025"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2025.3593830"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13320"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2025.3582183"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2020.05.008"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2022.103277"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2020.102334"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2025.3580965"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2007.03.005"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23789689.2024.2404797"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2022.103235"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/17\/11304260\/11386771.pdf?arnumber=11386771","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T20:43:59Z","timestamp":1772138639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11386771\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":142,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tem.2026.3662811","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9391","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}