{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T09:41:17Z","timestamp":1791711677742,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62206267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62206267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tetci.2024.3406691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T15:49:43Z","timestamp":1724168983000},"page":"740-756","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["COT: A Generative Approach for Hate Speech Counter-Narratives via Contrastive Optimal Transport"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2631-0555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linhao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8833-4862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangluan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0286-6660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0038-9816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2023.3251362"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref2","article-title":"Language models are unsupervised multitask learners","volume":"1","author":"Radford","year":"2019","journal-title":"OpenAI blog"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"21548","article-title":"A contrastive framework for neural text generation","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Su","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/poi3.204"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2022.3209394"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2020.3035937"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"The curious case of neural text degeneration","volume-title":"Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Holtzman","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2018.2870125"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.findings-acl.12"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2019.2914280"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N16-2013"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2017.268"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2396761.2398556"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2022.3224929"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"29","article-title":"Overview of the HASOC track at FIRE 2020: Hate speech and offensive content identification in indo-european languages","volume-title":"Proc. 12th Annu. Meeting Forum Inf. Retrieval Eval.","author":"Mandl","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v10i1.14811"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"86","article-title":"Hate me, hate me not: Hate speech detection on facebook","volume-title":"Proc. 1st Italian Conf. Cybersecurity","volume":"1816","author":"Del Vigna","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Analyzing the hate and counter speech accounts on twitter","author":"Mathew","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503162.3503176"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3574318.3574326"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W16-5618"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Measuring the reliability of hate speech annotations: The case of the European refugee crisis","volume":"abs\/1701.08118","author":"Ross","year":"2017","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Benchmarking aggression identification in social media","volume-title":"Proc. 1st Workshop Trolling Aggression Cyberbullying","author":"Kumar","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-5107"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-5102"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i17.17745"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.486"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N19-1144"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.findings-acl.80"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.semeval-1.6"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.semeval-1.74"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.semeval-1.305"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W16-3638"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0952813X.2017.1409284"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.110"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2023.3294715"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Detecting hate speech in memes using multimodal deep learning approaches: Prize-winning solution to hateful memes challenge","author":"Velioglu","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Detecting hateful memes using a multimodal deep ensemble","author":"Sandulescu","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"2611","article-title":"The hateful memes challenge: Detecting hate speech in multimodal memes","volume-title":"Proc. 34th Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Kiela","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3474085.3475625"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.findings-emnlp.379"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2023.3243920"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2020.2983426"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2020.2972926"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3686876"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"The impact of counter-narratives","volume":"54","author":"Silverman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inst. Strategic Dialogue"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v13i01.3237"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.109873"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2021.107504"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1482"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1271"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.250"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"1","article-title":"Governing hate speech by means of counterspeech on Facebook","volume-title":"Proc. 66th Int. Commun. Assoc. Annu. Conf.","author":"Schieb","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-72917-6_15"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4000\/books.aaccademia.8378"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.findings-acl.79"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Counter-speech examining content that challenges extremism online","author":"Bartlett","year":"2015","journal-title":"DEMOS"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2022\/716"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00037"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.acl-long.272"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v37i4.25614"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01520"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.571"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1512"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV51458.2022.00062"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.486"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"65","article-title":"METEOR: An automatic metric for MT evaluation with improved correlation with human judgments","volume-title":"Proc. Workshop Intrinsic Extrinsic Eval. Measures Mach. Transl. Summarization","author":"Banerjee","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2018\/618"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acldemos.30"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"1290","article-title":"Empirical analysis of beam search performance degradation in neural sequence models","volume-title":"Proc. 36th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Cohen","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/7433297\/10850886\/10642972.pdf?arnumber=10642972","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T05:51:55Z","timestamp":1737697915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10642972\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tetci.2024.3406691","relation":{},"ISSN":["2471-285X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2471-285X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}}}