{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T05:33:08Z","timestamp":1769751188467,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.K. Research and Innovation (UKRI) Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","award":["EP\/P023991\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/P023991\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Evol. Computat."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tevc.2024.3410873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T13:27:35Z","timestamp":1717680455000},"page":"1434-1448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Comparison of Large Language Models and Genetic Programming for Program Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8873-7143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Sobania","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7833-6044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Petke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, University College London, London, U.K."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8209-1465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Briesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3376-427X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franz","family":"Rothlauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Evaluating large language models trained on code","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2107.03374"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"183","article-title":"A representation for the adaptive generation of simple sequential programs","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Genet. Algorithms Appl.","author":"Cramer"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-155860673-9\/50048-3"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3512290.3528700"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2739480.2754769"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449639.3459285"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3321707.3321738"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-44094-7_14"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/artl_a_00341"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99253-2_16"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1976.233837"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/evco_a_00346"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1406.1078"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.findings-emnlp.139"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.728"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq1158"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APR59189.2023.00012"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"ChatGPT prompt patterns for improving code quality, refactoring, requirements elicitation, and software design","author":"White","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2303.07839"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"27730","article-title":"Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Ouyang"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"A categorical archive of ChatGPT failures","author":"Borji","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2302.03494"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Is ChatGPT the ultimate programming assistant\u2013how far is it?","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2304.11938"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3205455.3205603"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/isal_a_00334"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-55696-3_17"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2023.103962"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319619.3326900"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014538503543"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1068009.1068292"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3377929.3389987"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"33","article-title":"Grammatically-based genetic programming","volume-title":"Proc. Workshop Genet. Program., From Theory Real-World Appl.","author":"Whigham"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3321707.3321865"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-02056-8_17"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2018.8477953"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449639.3459305"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-29573-7_21"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3520304.3534045"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC55065.2022.9870337"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-02056-8_8"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10710-010-9109-y"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-27565-9"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/evco_a_00205"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3377930.3390213"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2017.2693219"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APR52552.2021.00008"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-44094-7_5"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2330784.2330846"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10710-022-09434-y"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3067695.3082469"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3549206.3549319"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2022.3162324"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3583131.3590464"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58115-2_6"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00833-8"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3071178.3071330"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"392","article-title":"ChatGPT MT: Competitive for high-(but not low-) resource languages","volume-title":"Proc. 8th Conf. Mach. Transl.","author":"Robinson"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1110.003.0010"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-48796-5_12"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-022-01653-1"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-29956-8_12"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"149","article-title":"SourceFinder: Finding Malware source-code from publicly available repositories in GitHub","volume-title":"Proc. 23rd Int. Symp. Res. Attacks, Intrusions Defenses (RAID 2020)","author":"Rokon"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Estimating the carbon footprint of bloom, a 176B parameter language model","author":"Luccioni","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2211.02001"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-72699-7_48"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3583133.3596332"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/4235\/11106177\/10551744.pdf?arnumber=10551744","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T04:39:31Z","timestamp":1754023171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10551744\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tevc.2024.3410873","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-778X","1089-778X","1941-0026"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1089-778X","type":"print"},{"value":"1089-778X","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0026","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}}}