{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T12:29:04Z","timestamp":1777984144845,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital and European Union - Next GenerationEU","award":["TSI-063000-2021-72"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSI-063000-2021-72"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tgcn.2025.3633457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T18:43:03Z","timestamp":1763404983000},"page":"1446-1461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Energy-Efficient Virtualized gNBs for Cloud-Native O-RAN: A Testbed-Based Study of CPU Resource Management in 5G\/6G Networks"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2306-0151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoxin","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keysight Technologies Inc., Santa Rosa, CA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6347-1932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Lecci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keysight Technologies Inc., Santa Rosa, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keysight Technologies Inc., Santa Rosa, CA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7791-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos S.","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecommunication Research Institute (TELMA), E. T. S. I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3024-0294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao Qiang","family":"Luo-Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecommunication Research Institute (TELMA), E. T. S. I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8518-7297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emil J.","family":"Khatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecommunication Research Institute (TELMA), E. T. S. I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain"}]},{"given":"Germ\u00e1n Corrales","family":"Madue\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keysight Technologies Inc., Santa Rosa, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keysight Technologies Inc., Santa Rosa, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"David Segura","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecommunication Research Institute (TELMA), E. T. S. I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8993-5229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Barco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecommunication Research Institute (TELMA), E. T. S. I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"China Mobile Reduces the Power Consumption of 5G Base Station","author":"Wang","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12243-022-00932-9"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Telef\u00f3nica Advances Public Cloud Exploration for Cloud RAN With AWS and Nokia","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Swisscom, Ericsson and AWS Collaborate on 5G Core for Hybrid Cloud","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-020-07231-3"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNCW48565.2020.9124820"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"O-RAN Architecture Description","year":"Oct. 2025"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"TIP OpenRAN: Toward disaggregated mobile networking","author":"Brown","year":"May. 2020"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"15","article-title":"Measurement based time-domain power saving through radio equipment deactivation on sub-6GHz base station site","volume-title":"Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Green Commun., Comput. Technol. (GREEN)","author":"Agram"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3536281"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2024.110312"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"A Holistic Study of Power Consumption and Energy Savings Strategies in Open RAN","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2024.3426108"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2677046.2677053"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"SrsRAN Project","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"446","article-title":"Comprehensive online power status monitoring using sensor technology","volume-title":"Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Commun. Electron. Syst. (ICCES)","author":"Joebin"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5GWF49715.2020.9221114"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Kubernetes Efficient Power Level Exporter (Kepler)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"Scaphandre: Your Tech Stack Doesn\u2019t Need So Much Energy","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.06670"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"LIKWID 5: Lightweight performance tools","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. High Perform. Comput., Netw., Storage, Anal.","author":"Gruber"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"What is RAPL?","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8348791"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ANTS63515.2024.10898669"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops59551.2024.10615464"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC42927.2021.9500323"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM42981.2021.9488845"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2022.07.019"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2481183"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6476882"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"RuSIM\u2013UE \/ O-RU Emulation Over O-RAN Fronthaul","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Lightweight Kubernetes, the Certified Kubernetes Distribution Built for IoT & Edge Computing","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"CoreSIM\u2014Core Simulation RAN Solutions","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"PA2203A IntegraVision Power Analyzer, 4 Channels, 3-Phase AC","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"OpenTAP: An Open Source Project For Test Automation","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK)","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC.2011.85"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SAMOS.2014.6893209"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Study on System and Functional Aspects of Energy Efficiency in 5G Networks","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/7511293\/11306373\/11250702.pdf?arnumber=11250702","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T06:53:36Z","timestamp":1766472816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11250702\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":39,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tgcn.2025.3633457","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.36227\/techrxiv.175339514.48100656\/v3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.36227\/techrxiv.175339514.48100656\/v2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.36227\/techrxiv.175339514.48100656\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2473-2400"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2473-2400","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}