{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T16:41:00Z","timestamp":1780764060190,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41871283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41871283"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61601011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61601011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tgrs.2020.3042974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T20:45:13Z","timestamp":1608842713000},"page":"10227-10242","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":226,"title":["PSGAN: A Generative Adversarial Network for Remote Sensing Image Pan-Sharpening"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5181-6451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingjie","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0136-4418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qizhi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9728-2555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8001-2703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","article-title":"Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate","author":"bahdanau","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv 1409 0473"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2019.2949745"},{"key":"ref71","article-title":"Process for enhancing the spatial resolution of multispectral imagery using pan-sharpening","author":"laben","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"1","article-title":"Worldview-2 pan-sharpening","volume":"2630","author":"padwick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc ASPRS Annu Conf"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00813"},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"694","article-title":"Perceptual losses for real-time style transfer and super-resolution","author":"johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"5998","article-title":"Attention is all you need","author":"vaswani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"simonyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc ICLR"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"7354","article-title":"Self-attention generative adversarial networks","author":"zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298594"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2007.907604"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.111716"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.19"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2017.146"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2017.2736020"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RSIP.2017.7958807"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11220-016-0135-6"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2005.856106"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.74.2.193"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"Batch normalization: Accelerating deep network training by reducing internal covariate shift","author":"ioffe","year":"2015","journal-title":"arXiv 1502 03167"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Accurate, large minibatch SGD: Training ImageNet in 1 hour","author":"goyal","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv 1706 02677"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2018.2817393"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2015.2439281"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2018.2798162"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.OE.53.9.093109"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2017.151"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/014311600750037499"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2016.7729166"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"28","article-title":"Fusion of multispectral and panchromatic images by local mean and variance matching filtering techniques","author":"b\u00e9thune","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Fusion Earth Data"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.74.9.1107"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(87)90088-5"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2006.09.004"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2012.08.009"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2006.02.001"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2014.2333661"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.347"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2010.2067219"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2014.2351754"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2015.2504261"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2012.2213604"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"391","article-title":"Accelerating the super-resolution convolutional neural network","author":"dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc ECCV"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"3","article-title":"Rectifier nonlinearities improve neural network acoustic models","volume":"30","author":"maas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc ICML"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"691","article-title":"Fusion of satellite images of different spatial resolutions: Assessing the quality of resulting images","volume":"63","author":"wald","year":"1997","journal-title":"Photogramm Eng Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/97.995823"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/014311698215973"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"147","article-title":"Discrimination among semi-arid landscape endmembers using the spectral angle mapper (SAM) algorithm","author":"yuhas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Summaries 3rd Annu JPL Airborne Geosci Workshop"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","author":"kingma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc ICLR"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"8024","article-title":"Pytorch: An imperative style, high-performance deep learning library","author":"paszke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"99","article-title":"Quality of high resolution synthesised images: Is there a simple criterion?","author":"wald","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Fusion Earth Data Merging Point Meas Raster Maps Remotely Sensed Image"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"234","article-title":"U-net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation","author":"ronneberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Med Image Comput Comput -Assist Intervent"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.193"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2018.2794888"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2010.2046715"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-2535(01)00036-7"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2004.834804"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"295","article-title":"Comparison of three different methods to merge multiresolution and multispectral data: LANDSAT TM and SPOT panchromatic: ABSTRACT","volume":"74","author":"pat s chavez","year":"1991","journal-title":"AAPG Bull"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2015.06.006"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Process for enhancing the spatial resolution of multispectral imagery using pan-sharpening","author":"laben","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"49","article-title":"Fusion of high spatial and spectral resolution images: The ARSIS concept and its implementation","volume":"66","author":"ranchin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Photogramm Eng Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2006.881758"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/36.763274"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"657","article-title":"Understanding image fusion","volume":"70","author":"zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Photogram Eng Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2009.03.007"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7380","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2014.2311815","article-title":"High-fidelity component substitution pansharpening by the fitting of substitution data","volume":"52","author":"xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2007.912448"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2016.03.003"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Learning continuous face age progression: A pyramid of GANs","author":"yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2014.2361734"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8070594"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.632"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2013.6738420"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00835"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.07.010"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"2672","article-title":"Generative adversarial nets","author":"goodfellow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2018.8451049"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"HPGAN: Hyperspectral pansharpening using 3-D generative adversarial networks","author":"xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/36\/9624468\/09306912.pdf?arnumber=9306912","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T14:49:44Z","timestamp":1652194184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9306912\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tgrs.2020.3042974","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-2892","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}}}