{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T18:43:19Z","timestamp":1781635399646,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U21A20457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A20457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62231021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62231021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62371380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62271457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62271457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tgrs.2025.3575484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T18:00:35Z","timestamp":1748887235000},"page":"1-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["RFCFormer: A Dual-Stream Transformer Architecture Integrating Gramian Angular Field Representations for Retrieving Evaporation Duct Refractivity From Radar Sea Clutter"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0178-6330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanjie","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0995-935X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinpeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3854-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lixin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8216-6156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiwen","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3675-2584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2023.3240998"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2022.3191160"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2022.3197406"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2023.3263212"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2022.3177509"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.267348"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2024.3411057"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","first-page":"610","article-title":"Research and prospect of tropospheric radio-duct over-the-horizon propagation technology","volume":"38","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Radio Sci."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2022.3209664"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2023.3241159"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2022.3195889"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2024.3454364"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2011RS004818"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999RS002275"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002RS002640"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERM09090403"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2528\/PIER12110104"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref18","first-page":"2382","article-title":"Inversion for evaporation duct from radar sea clutter based on immune algorithm","volume":"39","author":"Zuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. J. Electron."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3208724"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2001.940254"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-5-2859-2012"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2008.919205"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2006.872673"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2019.2900582"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2016.2597138"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.814953"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2003.816680"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2003RS002930"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2008RS003842"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3081546"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp:20070602"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.2008.4653972"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.2008.4653973"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2018.09.009"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14133197"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos13122091"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2023.3306084"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2023.3308064"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2023.3307020"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2024.3363491"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2024.3388989"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Methods of retrieving tropospheric ducts above ocean surface using radar sea clutter and GPS signals","author":"Zhang","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2020.3012117"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/RS020i004p00887"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.841895"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp:19950441"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004RS003077"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Application of an evaporation duct climatology in the littoral","volume-title":"Proc. BACIMO","volume":"2000","author":"Paulus"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2528\/PIER11012204"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11141-009-9133-z"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Variability of refractivity in the surface layer","author":"Mabey","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.8634"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1978.10837"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.64.051917"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2006.872669"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-h-1.1984.0022"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2023.3276571"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref59","first-page":"183","article-title":"Modeling through sea surface and its application in the evaporation duct propagation","volume":"37","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Radio Sci."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112085002221"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.2009.4977006"},{"key":"ref62","volume-title":"Radar Design Principles-Signal Processing and the Environment","author":"Nathanson","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2528\/PIER11121307"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"3939","article-title":"Imaging time-series to improve classification and imputation","volume-title":"Proc. IJCAI","author":"Wang"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.121521"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1268522"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2024.3354254"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00781"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2024.3395630"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2017.12.009"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2021.104919"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019RS006798"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2018.12.014"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15174296"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/36\/10807682\/11020691.pdf?arnumber=11020691","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T05:10:18Z","timestamp":1749618618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11020691\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":74,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tgrs.2025.3575484","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-2892","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-0644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}