{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T03:22:43Z","timestamp":1784172163215,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Human-Mach. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/thms.2017.2759758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T19:33:10Z","timestamp":1512675190000},"page":"452-467","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The Underpinnings of Workload in Unmanned Vehicle Systems"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3922-7806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Becky L.","family":"Hooey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Kaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7774-728X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie A.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrence W.","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian F.","family":"Gore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","first-page":"218","article-title":"Exploring automation issues in supervisory control of\n multiple UAVs","author":"ruff","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Human Perform Situation Awareness Autom Technol Conf"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872006778606822"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Human factor challenges of remotely piloted aircraft","author":"hobbs","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 31st Annu Conf Eur Assoc Aviation Psychol"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"A summary of unmanned aircraft accident\/incident data: Human\n factors implications","author":"williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"FAA Civ Aerosp Med Inst"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Human interfaces in remote driving","author":"mcgovern","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"182","article-title":"Experience and results in teleoperation of land vehicles","author":"mcgovern","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pictorial Communication in Virtual and Real Environments"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"183","article-title":"Modeling operator workload for the resource prospector lunar rover\n mission","author":"hooey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Human Factors Simulation and Modeling"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364907073777"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1479-3601(2006)7","author":"cooke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Human Factors of Remotely Operated Vehicles"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"429","article-title":"Human factors issues when operating unmanned\n underwater vehicles","author":"ho","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Human Factors Ergonom Soc Annu Meeting"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"10","article-title":"Theory and evaluation of human robot interactions","author":"scholtz","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 36th Annu Hawaii Int Conf Syst Sci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-011-0198-z"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"2841","article-title":"Classifying human-robot interaction: An updated taxonomy","author":"yanco","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Syst Man Cybern"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.21568"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120004400505","article-title":"Effects of visual interface design, and\n control mode and control latency on performance, telepresence and workload in a teleoperation task","author":"kaber","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Human Factors Ergonom Soc Annu Meeting"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011295826834"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"109","article-title":"Human-autonomy\n collaboration and coordination towards multi-RPA missions","author":"calhoun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems A Human Systems Integration Perspective"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/155534309X431926"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA606578","article-title":"Human supervision of multiple autonomous vehicle","author":"ruff","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5898\/JHRI.4.2.Harriott"},{"key":"ref100","author":"hollnagel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Resilience Engineering Concepts and Percepts"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1100000005"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"761","article-title":"Standardization of human-computer-interface for geo-fencing in small unmanned\n aircraft systems","volume":"489","author":"thirtyacre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advances in Physical Ergonomics and Human Factors (ser Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing)"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"National Research Council","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autonomy research for civil aviation toward a new era of flight"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0501_5"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(99)80002-5"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Soldier performance issues in C2 on the move","author":"hill","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 10th Int Command Control Res Technol Symp"},{"key":"ref56","author":"vertisi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Seeing Like a Rover How Robots Teams and Images Craft Knowledge of Mars"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1557234X13510679"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"From prime to extended mission: Evolution of the MER tactical uplink process","author":"mishkin","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc AIAA Space"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Unmanned\n aerial vehicles for maritime patrol: Human factors issues","author":"hopcroft","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Human factors concerns in UAV flight","author":"mccarley","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"47","article-title":"Multimodal communication in support of coordinative functions in\n human-machine teams","author":"sarter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Human Performance Situation Awareness and Automation User-Centered Design for the New Millennium"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"396","article-title":"Theory and measurement of human workload","volume":"1","author":"hart","year":"1986","journal-title":"Human Productivity Enhancement Training and Human Factors in Systems Design"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-1098(83)90046-8"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62386-9","article-title":"Development of NASA-TLX (task load index): Results of empirical and theoretical\n research","volume":"52","author":"hart","year":"1988","journal-title":"Advances in Psychology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120605000909","article-title":"NASA-task load index (NASA-TLX); 20 years later","volume":"50","author":"hart","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Human Factors Ergonom Soc Annu Meeting"},{"key":"ref8","author":"huey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Workload Transition Implications for Individual Team Performance"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931214581012","article-title":"Minimum\n visual information requirements for detect and avoid in unmanned aircraft systems","volume":"58","author":"friedman-berg","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Human Factors Ergonom Soc Annu Meeting"},{"key":"ref7","year":"2010","journal-title":"Human Integration Design Handbook (HIDH) NASA\/SP–2010-3407"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Vigilance and workload in automated systems","author":"dember","year":"1996","journal-title":"Automation and Human Performance"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"STRIPE: Remote driving using limited image data","author":"kay","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2013.05.003"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"An evaluation of detect and avoid (DAA) displays for unmanned\n aircraft systems: The effect on information level and display location on pilot performance","author":"fern","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 15th Annu AIAA Aviation Technol Integr Oper Conf"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Awareness in unmanned aerial vehicle operations","volume":"2","author":"drury","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int C2 J"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2010.2052604"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"An evaluation of operator workload during partially-autonomous\n vehicle operations","author":"schipani","year":"0","journal-title":"Perform Metrics Intell Syst"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1479-3601(05)07011-6"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"334","article-title":"Increasing robot saliency in cluttered visual displays","author":"mou","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Human Factors Ergonom Soc Annu Meeting"},{"key":"ref127","article-title":"A safeguarded\n teleoperation controller","author":"fong","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 10th Int Conf Adv Robot"},{"key":"ref126","first-page":"7","article-title":"A playbook approach to variable autonomy control: Application for control of\n multiple, heterogeneous unmanned air vehicles","author":"miller","year":"0","journal-title":"Proceedings American Helicopter Society Meeting"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31979\/etd.ksce-cry6","article-title":"The manual flight skill of airline pilots","author":"puentes","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref124","author":"sheridan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Humans and Automation System Design and Research Issues"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.20226"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872007X249875"},{"key":"ref129","first-page":"495","article-title":"Fatigue, workload and adaptive driver systems","volume":"29","author":"verway","year":"1996","journal-title":"Accident Anal Prevention"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01449290701288791"},{"key":"ref128","author":"hockey","year":"2003","journal-title":"NATO Advanced Research Workshop—Operator Functional State The Assessment and Prediction of Human Performance Degradation in Complex Tasks"},{"key":"ref70","article-title":"Decision support design for workload mitigation in human supervisory control of\n multiple unmanned aerial vehicles","author":"brzezinski","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00568"},{"key":"ref130","first-page":"204","article-title":"Adaptive automation of stages of information processing and the interplay with operator\n functional states","author":"kaber","year":"2003","journal-title":"NATO Advanced Research Workshop - Operator Functional State The Assessment and Prediction of Human Performance Degradation in Complex Tasks"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1557234X13506688"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2013.2293535"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"1","article-title":"Modeling multiple human operators in the supervisory control of heterogeneous\n unmanned vehicles","author":"mekdeci","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Perf Metrics for Intell Syst Workshop"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1162\/105474602760204282","article-title":"The effect of operator spatial perception and sensory feedback on human-robot teleoperation\n performance","volume":"11","author":"lathan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Presence"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720812439413"},{"key":"ref131","article-title":"Sensorimotor requirements for teleoperation","author":"kress","year":"1988","journal-title":"FMC Corporation"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"1306","article-title":"Human teams for large scale multirobot control","volume":"2009","author":"wang","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Syst Man Cybern"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220902893613"},{"key":"ref79","article-title":"Multitasking and multi-robot management","author":"goodrich","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Engineerine"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.18.1.1"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2011.597516"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139508925181"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532690XCI2001_3"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"Workload, stress, and situation awareness of soldiers who are controlling unmanned vehicles in\n future urban operations","author":"sterling","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref139","first-page":"305","article-title":"Adaptive control of workload","author":"parasuraman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stress Workload and Fatigue"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"423","article-title":"Command generation for planetary rovers using\n virtual reality","author":"blackmon","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Symp Artif Intell Robot Autom Space"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"2457","article-title":"Semi-autonomous human-UAV interfaces for fixed-wing mini-UAVs","volume":"3","author":"quigley","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE\/RSJ Int Conf Intell Robots Syst"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1064804616640632"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120404800130","article-title":"Tactile versus aural redundant alert cues for UAV control\n applications","volume":"48","author":"calhoun","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 48th Annu Meeting Human Factors Ergonom Soc"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872006779166280"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.03.010"},{"key":"ref141","article-title":"Workload modeling and workload management: Recent theoretical developments","author":"parasuraman","year":"2005","journal-title":"U S Army Res Lab"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0301_1"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2015.01.010"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2010.2046731"},{"key":"ref2","author":"sheridan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Telerobotics Automation and Human Supervisory Control"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2007.914757"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3468.844354"},{"key":"ref109","author":"gibson","year":"1979","journal-title":"The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(84)80043-7"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120504900348","article-title":"Breaking the keyhole in human–robot coordination: Method and evaluation","volume":"49","author":"voshell","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Human Factors Ergonom Soc Annu Meeting"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/1071181311551017","article-title":"Designing airspace displays to support rapid immersion for UAS handoffs","volume":"55","author":"fern","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Human Factors Ergonom Soc Annu Meeting"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2007.905819"},{"key":"ref93","article-title":"Techniques\n and tools for summarizing performance of robots operating remotely","author":"schreckenghost","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc AIAA Space"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898X.7.3.251"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120605000518","article-title":"Assisting interruption recovery in\n supervisory control of multiple UAVs","volume":"50","author":"scott","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Human Factors Ergonom Soc Annu Meeting"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31561-9_7"},{"key":"ref91","article-title":"The decision information abstraction to a relevant encapsulation information sharing concept","author":"humphrey","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Inst Ind Syst Eng Annu Conf"},{"key":"ref104","article-title":"Robotic operator\n performance in simulated reconnaissance missions","author":"chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Army Research Lab"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA451379"},{"key":"ref103","article-title":"Improved operator awareness of teleoperated land vehicle attitude","author":"pastore","year":"1994","journal-title":"Naval Command Control Ocean Surveillance Center"},{"key":"ref102","first-page":"623","article-title":"Telepresence control of the\n NASA\/DARPA robonaut on a mobility platform","author":"goza","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc SIGCHI Conf Human Factors Comput Syst"},{"key":"ref111","first-page":"264","article-title":"Switch and deliver: Display\n layouts for MOMV (multiple operators multiple video feeds) environments","author":"porat","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Multi-Disciplinary Conf Cogn Methods Situation Awareness Decision Support"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4271\/2000-01-2358","article-title":"Remote driving with a multisensor user\n interface","author":"terrien","year":"0","journal-title":"SAE 30th Int Conf Environ Syst"},{"key":"ref110","author":"wickens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Engineering Psychology and Human Performance"},{"key":"ref98","first-page":"634","article-title":"Graphical narrative interfaces: Representing spatiotemporal information for a highly autonomous\n human-robot team","author":"nakano","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Symp Robot Human Interact Commun"},{"key":"ref99","author":"siegwart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Introduction to Autonomous Mobile Robots"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120204602609","article-title":"Utility of a tactile\n display for cueing faults","volume":"46","author":"calhoun","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Human Factors Ergonom Soc Annu Meeting"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720809347106"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401399185595"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"300","article-title":"Biocybernetic system validates indices of\n operator engagement in automated task","author":"pope","year":"1994","journal-title":"Human Performance in Automated Systems Current Research and Trends"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555343411433844"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2005.855783"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327566ijce0303_1"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Challenges and advances in cognitive\n workload assessment techniques","author":"ferris","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Ind Eng Res Conf"},{"key":"ref118","first-page":"2855","article-title":"Ecological displays for robot interaction: A new perspective","author":"ricks","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Intell Robots Syst"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"99","article-title":"Team workload: A multilevel\n perspective","volume":"4","author":"bedwell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Organ Psychol Rev"},{"key":"ref82","article-title":"Workload profiles: A continuous measure of mental workload","author":"rusnock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Ind Ergonom"},{"key":"ref117","first-page":"71","article-title":"Efficacy of a predictive display, steering device, and vehicle\n body representation in the operation of a lunar vehicle","author":"mathan","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc CHI Conf Companion Human Factors Comput Syst"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Long range\n latency and the effects on operator performance","author":"redenbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Caterpillar Inc"},{"key":"ref81","article-title":"Determination of mental workload during operation of multiple unmanned systems","author":"pomranky","year":"2007","journal-title":"U S Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground MD"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720811427901"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJADS.2010.036098"},{"key":"ref119","first-page":"546","article-title":"The\n phantom robot: Predictive displays for teleoperation with time delay","author":"bejczy","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Robot Autom"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872008X288457"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"1","article-title":"Automation architecture\n for single operator, multiple UAV command and control","volume":"1","author":"cummings","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int C2 J Decision Support Netw -Centric Command Control"},{"key":"ref114","article-title":"The effect of bandwidth on operator control of an unmanned ground vehicle","author":"french","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Interservice\/Industry Train Simul Edu Conf"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120605001603","article-title":"The effects of camera perspective and field of view on performance\n in teleoperated navigation","volume":"50","author":"pazuchanics","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Human Factors Ergonom Soc Annu Meeting"},{"key":"ref116","first-page":"43","article-title":"Human enhancement and limitation in teleoperations","author":"sheridan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Teleoperations and Robots in Space"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sys.21210"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-1430-4"},{"key":"ref120","article-title":"Lunar rover remote driving using monocameras\n under multi-second latency and low-bandwidth: Field tests and lessons learned","author":"gingras","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Symp Artif Intell Robot Autom Space"},{"key":"ref89","article-title":"Human factors considerations in migration of unmanned aircraft\n system (UAS) operator control","author":"tvaryanas","year":"2006","journal-title":"United States Air Force"},{"key":"ref121","article-title":"Safeguarded teleoperation for lunar\n rovers: From human factors to field trials","author":"krotkov","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Planetry Rover Technol Syst Workshop"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hfm.20025"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120104500231","article-title":"Ergonomics of UAV\/UCAV mission success: Considerations\n for data link, control, and display issues","volume":"45","author":"mouloua","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Human Factors Ergonom Soc Annu Meeting"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2013.2293317"},{"key":"ref86","article-title":"Assessing the impact of haptic peripheral displays for UAV operators","author":"donmez","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1177\/1071181311551018","article-title":"Tools and techniques for MOMU (Multiple\n Operator Multiple UAV) environments: An operational perspective","volume":"55","author":"oron-gilad","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Human Factors Ergonom Soc Annu Meeting"},{"key":"ref88","article-title":"Design\n methodology for unmanned aerial vehicles","author":"da silva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Humans Autom Lab"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6221037\/8462806\/08169072.pdf?arnumber=8169072","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T09:57:10Z","timestamp":1643191030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8169072\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":141,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/thms.2017.2759758","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-2291","type":"print"},{"value":"2168-2305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}}}