{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T08:50:10Z","timestamp":1778662210827,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans.Inform.Forensic Secur."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tifs.2011.2116781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,18]],"date-time":"2011-02-18T17:44:47Z","timestamp":1298051087000},"page":"970-979","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["User Study, Analysis, and Usable Security of Passwords Based on Digital Objects"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Biddle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Mannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul C.","family":"van Oorschot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Whalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1719030.1719043"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"The S\/KEY one-time password system","author":"haller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Network and Distributed System Security Symp (NDSS'94)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1719030.1719050"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Digital objects as passwords","author":"mannan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics (HotSec'08)"},{"key":"ref14","author":"mannan","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Usable Security of Passwords Based on Digital Objects From Design and Analysis to User Study"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIT.1994.394764"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0049234"},{"key":"ref17","author":"picard","year":"1995","journal-title":"Affective Computing"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"On the incomparability of entropy and marginal guesswork in brute-force attacks","author":"pliam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc INDOCRYPT 00"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2007.76"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"A usability study and critique of two password managers","author":"chiasson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Usenix Security Symp"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1653662.1653722"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518837"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"On user choice in graphical password schemes","author":"davis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Usenix Security Symp"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Do strong web passwords accomplish anything?","author":"florncio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Security (HotSec'07)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1242572.1242661"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.800-63v1.0.2","author":"burr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Electronic authentication guidelines"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1408664.1408666"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2333112.2333114"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Stronger password authentication using browser extensions","author":"ross","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Usenix Security Symp"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Graphical passwords: A survey","author":"suo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Ann Computer Security Applications Conf (ACSAC'05)"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/63526.63527"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Selecting secure passwords","author":"verheul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc CT-RSA"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1284680.1284685"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1143120.1143126"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1866307.1866327"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx5\/10206\/5983314\/05715877.pdf?arnumber=5715877","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T23:53:48Z","timestamp":1633910028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/5715877\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tifs.2011.2116781","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6013","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-6021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}}}