{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T18:47:45Z","timestamp":1785955665087,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Identification Technology Research","award":["14S-04W-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14S-04W-12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans.Inform.Forensic Secur."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tifs.2015.2400395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,4]],"date-time":"2015-02-04T19:37:23Z","timestamp":1423078643000},"page":"746-761","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":745,"title":["Face Spoof Detection With Image Distortion Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"10","author":[{"family":"Di Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Hu Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil K.","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995477"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2013.07.002"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64920i","DOI":"10.1117\/12.702790","article-title":"The blur effect: Perception and estimation with a new no-reference perceptual blur metric","volume":"6492","author":"crete","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc SPIE"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2010.5583280"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33786-4_23"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-011-0501-8"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/4\/2\/R03"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/130385.130401"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2006.262695"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2002.1038902"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87120t","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2019014","article-title":"The impact of specular highlights on 3D-2D face recognition","volume":"8712","author":"christlein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc SPIE"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"87","article-title":"Real-time specular highlight removal using bilateral filtering","author":"yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc ECCV"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.36"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2014.10.005"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2012.6239226"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2013.6712690"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2013.2292332"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZY.2010.5584864"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/col.5080100409"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2335416"},{"key":"ref26","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pittsburgh Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1401615.1401651"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIEV.2012.6317336"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2009.08.014"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"252","article-title":"Blinking-based live face detection using conditional random fields","author":"sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of AI"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"233","article-title":"A liveness detection method for face recognition based on optical flow field","author":"bao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc IAS"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2013.23"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.541955"},{"key":"ref14","year":"2014","journal-title":"The TABULA RASA Project"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2007.902037"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"121","article-title":"LBP&#x2013;TOP based countermeasure against face spoofing attacks","author":"de freitas pereira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc ACCV Workshops"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2013.6612981"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2013.6612955"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2013.6612957"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the effectiveness of local binary patterns in face anti-spoofing","author":"chingovska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc IEEE BIOSIG"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2014.2359577"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2011.5771438"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2013.6712688"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"504","article-title":"Face liveness detection from a single image with sparse low rank bilinear discriminative model","author":"tan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc ECCV"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCB.2011.6117503"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCB.2011.6117510"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2012.6199754"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-5281-2014-2"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"311","article-title":"DaFEx: Un database di espressioni facciali dinamiche","author":"battocchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the SLI-GSCP Workshop"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1017623"},{"key":"ref47","year":"2014","journal-title":"FFMPEG Multimedia Framework"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"1","article-title":"New primal SVM solver with linear computational cost for big data classifications","author":"nie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc ICML"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"1871","article-title":"LIBLINEAR: A library for large linear classification","volume":"9","author":"fan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref44","author":"sanderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biometric Person Recognition Face Speech and Fusion"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2005.01.012"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/10206\/7059276\/07031384.pdf?arnumber=7031384","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:47:59Z","timestamp":1642006079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7031384\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tifs.2015.2400395","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6013","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-6021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}}}