{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T16:14:43Z","timestamp":1772727283063,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities","award":["2015ZZ092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015ZZ092"]}]},{"name":"National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship of China","award":["201510561067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201510561067"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans.Inform.Forensic Secur."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tifs.2017.2758748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]],"date-time":"2017-10-02T18:43:58Z","timestamp":1506969838000},"page":"521-534","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Face Liveness Detection Using a Flash Against 2D Spoofing Attack"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Patrick P. K.","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiwen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danni","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7566-2365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xizhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Chang","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2007.4409068"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"29","article-title":"Liveness detection for embedded face recognition system","author":"jee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc World Acad Sci Eng Technol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICWAPR.2014.6961294"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2011.5771438"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2395139"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AUTOID.2005.20"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-bmt.2012.0071"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10178-012-0022-y"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2016.2555286"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1017623"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2406533"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2012.6199760"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"2255","article-title":"Biometric liveness detection based on cross modal fusion","author":"chetty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc 12th Int Conf Inf Fusion (FUSION)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2004.827372"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2003.818349"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.541955"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"233","article-title":"A liveness detection method for face recognition based on optical flow field","author":"bao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Image Anal Signal Process (IASP)"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Face spoofing detection from single images using micro-texture analysis","author":"m\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Int Joint Conf Biometrics (IJCB 2011)"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"2852","article-title":"Eye blink detection based on multiple Gabor response waves","volume":"5","author":"li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Mach Learn Cybern (ICMLC)"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"176","article-title":"Multimodal person recognition using unconstrained audio and video","author":"choudhury","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Audio Video-Based Person Authentication"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2013.2292332"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"3140","article-title":"Recaptured photo detection using specularity distribution","author":"yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc 15th IEEE Int Conf Image Process (ICIP)"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2013.6612957"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2007.366304"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199"},{"key":"ref58","year":"2017","journal-title":"Seek CompactXR—Android"},{"key":"ref57","year":"2017","journal-title":"F60M External Flash For Multi-Interface Shoe | HVL-F60M | Sony US"},{"key":"ref56","year":"2017","journal-title":"F60M External Flash For Multi-Interface Shoe | HVL-F60M | Sony US"},{"key":"ref55","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microsoft Webcam LifeCam Studio | Microsoft Accessories"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-013-9636-1"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2003.1177153"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24670-1_36"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2015.116"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCB.2011.6117522"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BCC.2006.4341615"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2013.6613026"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCB.2011.6117503"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15567-3_37"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2400395"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2012.6199754"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the effectiveness of local binary patterns in face anti-spoofing","author":"chingovska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG)"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2422574","article-title":"Face liveness detection from a single image via diffusion speed model","volume":"24","author":"kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"ref19","author":"chakraborty","year":"2014","journal-title":"An overview of face liveness detection"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2006.12.018"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/954339.954342"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2014.2329451"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.112"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2014.2349158"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2446438"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZY.2010.5584864"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-bmt.2011.0012"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2011.5955219"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-010-9313-3"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBM.2009.027306"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1077-3142(03)00075-4"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2013.6613019"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2016.2578288"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s141222471"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWBF.2013.6547310"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/10206\/8123527\/08055588.pdf?arnumber=8055588","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:24:18Z","timestamp":1642004658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8055588\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tifs.2017.2758748","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6013","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-6021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}}}