{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T07:00:30Z","timestamp":1774422030029,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24B20147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24B20147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2133208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2133208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013072","name":"Major Science and Technology Special Project of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ZHCG0195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZHCG0195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013072","name":"Major Science and Technology Special Project of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ZDZX0044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZDZX0044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013072","name":"Major Science and Technology Special Project of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ZYD0269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZYD0269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans.Inform.Forensic Secur."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tifs.2025.3581092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T17:37:04Z","timestamp":1750268224000},"page":"6340-6355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["WF-TFC: An Open-World Few-Shot Anonymous Website Fingerprinting via Time-Frequency Consistency"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2935-5644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science on Synthetic Vision, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1699-2270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9680-7313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenhan","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7291-3920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yizhao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science on Synthetic Vision, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8245-8781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA465464"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Tor Metric Portal","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Anonymity with tor: A survey on tor attacks","author":"Karunanayake","year":"2020","journal-title":"ArXiv: 2009.13018"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12198-022-00252-y"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3548606.3560604"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2046556.2046570"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2517840.2517851"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2018.23105"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243768"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2022.3174003"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Website fingerprinting attacks and defenses on anonymity networks","author":"Cai","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Website fingerprinting: Attacks and defenses","author":"Wang","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3253559"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109084"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"One train for two tasks: An encrypted traffic classification framework using supervised contrastive learning","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2402.07501"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1655008.1655013"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2382196.2382260"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"143","article-title":"Effective attacks and provable defenses for website fingerprinting","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Wang"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2016.23477"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1187","article-title":"K-fingerprinting: A robust scalable website fingerprinting technique","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Hayes"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"15","article-title":"Fingerprinting attack on tor anonymity using deep learning","volume-title":"Proc. Asia\u2013Pacific Adv. Netw. Res. Workshop","volume":"42","author":"Abe"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3318966"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2018.2876857"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386252"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3324394"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45744-4_2"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"717","article-title":"Zero-delay lightweight defenses against website fingerprinting","volume-title":"Proc. 29th USENIX Conf. Secur. Symp.","author":"Gong"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2660267.2660362"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2021.3090866"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3524938.3525087"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315220017"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Time-Frequency Signal Analysis With Applications","author":"Dakovic","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mspec.1967.5217220"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2660267.2660368"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3354217"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24261-3_7"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2840289"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/popets-2019-0070"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1609.03499"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.108298"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-1698-5_13"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2024.3433586"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"753","article-title":"Online website fingerprinting: Evaluating website fingerprinting attacks on tor in the real world","volume-title":"Proc. 31st USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Cherubin"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3576915.3616639"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3522892"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00305"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00165"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"4171","article-title":"BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. North Amer. Chapter Assoc. Comput. Linguistics, Hum. Lang. Technol.","volume":"1","author":"Devlin"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3847-6_4"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3460120.3484585"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5550-8_4"},{"key":"ref52","volume-title":"Deep Learning","volume":"1","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Visualizing data using t-SNE","volume":"9","author":"Maaten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/10206\/10810755\/11040006.pdf?arnumber=11040006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T06:31:16Z","timestamp":1751092276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11040006\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":53,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tifs.2025.3581092","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6013","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-6021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}