{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T14:18:48Z","timestamp":1784211528798,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSF","award":["OAC-2139358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OAC-2139358"]}]},{"name":"NSF","award":["CNS-2201465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-2201465"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans.Inform.Forensic Secur."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tifs.2025.3583459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T13:41:50Z","timestamp":1750945310000},"page":"7454-7468","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Building and Testing a Hidden-Password Online Password Manager"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9398-3875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Jubur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Computer Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0015-3325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher Robert","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maliheh","family":"Shirvanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netflix Inc., Los Gatos, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6083-104X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitesh","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&#x0026;M University, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5055-2407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanislaw","family":"Jarecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3130-1888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Krawczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amazon Web Services, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1143120.1143128"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2012.49"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1102120.1102168"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Yahoo Says All Three Billion Accounts Hacked in 2013 Data Theft","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"The Ebay Breach Explained","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"The Equifax Data Breach","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Researcher Says Adult Friend Finder Vulnerable to File Inclusion Vulnerabilities","author":"Constantin","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Hackers Are Using Uber\u2019s 57 Million Account Data Breach to Steal Passwords","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Dashlane Password Manager","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"LastPass Remembers All Your Passwords Across Every Device for Free!","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"1Password: Simple, Convenient Security","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"9 Popular Password Manager Apps Found Leaking Your Secrets","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Password Manager Onelogin Hacked, Exposing Sensitive Customer Data","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA614474"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"Lastpass Ceo Reveals Details on Security Breach","author":"Whitney","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"What Happened When The DEA Demanded Passwords From LastPass","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897845.2897880"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"626","article-title":"Confident Monte Carlo: Rigorous analysis of guessing curves for probabilistic password models","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Symp. Secur. Privacy (SP)","author":"Liu"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"965","article-title":"Password guessing using random forest","volume-title":"Proc. 32nd USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Wang"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2017.2721359","article-title":"Zipf\u2019s law in passwords","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Security"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stronger password authentication using browser extensions","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Ross"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1060745.1060815"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1143120.1143126"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2017.64"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Passkey Vs. Password: What is the Difference?","author":"Hetler","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"What Makes Lastpass Secure?","author":"LogMeIn","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Notice of Recent Security Incident: The Lastpass Blog","author":"Toubba","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Lastpass Breach Linked to Theft of $4.4 Million in Crypto","author":"Abrams","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-76581-5_15"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Top Websites in the us by Traffic","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2508859.2516734"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"300","article-title":"I don\u2019t see why I would ever want to use it","volume-title":"Proc. ACM Conf. Comput. Commun. Secur. (CCS)","author":"Seiler-Hwang"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2016.81","article-title":"Comparing password management software: Toward usable and secure enterprise authentication","volume":"18","author":"Arias-Cabarcos","year":"2016","journal-title":"IT Prof."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/usec.2024.23094"},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"Securden 2025: Comparative Report on Password Managers","author":"Team","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24209-0_16"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"1","article-title":"A usability study and critique of two password managers","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Chiasson"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"How to Use Google Sites","author":"Inc","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Create Beautiful Forms: Free Online Surveys for Personal and Professional Use","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"Zoom Video Communications","author":"Inc","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Remote Access & Support","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref42","volume-title":"Skype\u2014P2P VoIP","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5948\/upo9781614440260.011"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3576915.3623150"},{"key":"ref45","volume-title":"Security.org 2024 Password Manager Industry Report","author":"Cruz","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref46","first-page":"114","article-title":"Determining what individual SUS scores mean: Adding an adjective rating scale","volume":"4","author":"Bangor","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Usability Stud."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2018.1455307"},{"key":"ref48","volume-title":"Millions of Websites Offline After Fire at French Cloud Services Firm","author":"Rosemain","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref49","volume-title":"1Password Vs. Bitwarden: 2024 Review","author":"Kim","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref50","volume-title":"Bitwarden Vs. 1Password: Key Comparisons","author":"Millares","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/10206\/10810755\/11052678.pdf?arnumber=11052678","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T17:54:19Z","timestamp":1753379659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11052678\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":50,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tifs.2025.3583459","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6013","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-6021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}