{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T05:12:27Z","timestamp":1768281147049,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFB2904000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFB2904000"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62501444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62501444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62261160651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62261160651"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U23A20306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62436002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62436002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62302361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62302361"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62276211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62276211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U23A20307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["GZB20250406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZB20250406"]}]},{"name":"CPSF","award":["2023M732735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M732735"]}]},{"name":"CPSF","award":["2024T170697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024T170697"]}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral Research Project of Shanxi Province","award":["2024BSHEDZZ015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024BSHEDZZ015"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018925","name":"Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B16037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B16037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans.Inform.Forensic Secur."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tifs.2025.3639885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T18:41:05Z","timestamp":1764787265000},"page":"710-724","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Catch Me If You Can: Retain High Stealthiness and Durability of Backdoor Attack in Federated Learning"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2811-2667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yilong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0159-0594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinjing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0383-2624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zefeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9476-6386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuoran","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2551-7009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4485-457X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianjia","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwestern University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6023-2864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data","volume-title":"Proc. 20th Int. Conf. Artif. Intell. Statist.","author":"McMahan"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"374","article-title":"Towards federated learning at scale: System design","volume-title":"Proc. Mach. Learn. Syst.","author":"Bonawitz"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2022.09.011"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"26429","article-title":"Neurotoxin: Durable backdoors in federated learning","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Zhang"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v37i10.26393"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2024.3376790"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"16070","article-title":"Attack of the tails: Yes, you really can backdoor federated learning","volume-title":"Proc. NIPS","author":"Wang"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"2938","article-title":"How to backdoor federated learning","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Artif. Intell. Statist.","author":"Bagdasaryan"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"1","article-title":"DBA: Distributed backdoor attacks against federated learning","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Represent.","author":"Xie"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i19.30131"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1","article-title":"A3FL: Adversarially adaptive backdoor attacks to federated learning","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"36","author":"Zhang"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Long-Term Potentiation","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195177015.001.1"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08577"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1611835114"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"694","article-title":"Fisher information and natural gradient learning in random deep networks","volume-title":"Proc. 22nd Int. Conf. Artif. Intell. Statist.","author":"Amari"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"118","article-title":"Machine learning with adversaries: Byzantine tolerant gradient descent","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"30","author":"Blanchard"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i10.17118"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2022.3153135"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Can you really backdoor federated learning?","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1911.07963"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"11372","article-title":"CRFL: Certifiably robust federated learning against backdoor attacks","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Xie"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"5650","article-title":"Byzantine-robust distributed learning: Towards optimal statistical rates","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Yin"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3534678.3539231"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"1415","article-title":"FLAME: Taming backdoors in federated learning","volume-title":"Proc. 31st USENIX Secur. Symp. (USENIX Secur.)","author":"Nguyen"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2021.24434"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00031"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00470-5_13"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"6357","article-title":"Ditto: Fair and robust federated learning through personalization","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Li"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v37i9.26330"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"4157","article-title":"Lurking in the shadows: Unveiling stealthy backdoor attacks against personalized federated learning","volume-title":"Proc. 33rd USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Lyu"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v37i7.26083"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"66364","article-title":"IBA: Towards irreversible backdoor attacks in federated learning","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"36","author":"Nguyen"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COINS57856.2023.10189281"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2909068"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i07.6871"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-70879-4_10"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP46215.2023.10179401"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-2312(93)90006-O"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"1957","article-title":"Rolling colors: Adversarial laser exploits against traffic light recognition","volume-title":"Proc. 31st USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Chen"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAI.2024.3352533"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.726791"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Learning multiple layers of features from tiny images","author":"Krizhevsky","year":"2009"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref43","first-page":"3","article-title":"Tiny imagenet visual recognition challenge","volume":"7","author":"Le","year":"2015","journal-title":"CS 231N"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2024\/491"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3627106.3627194"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/10206\/11313711\/11275864.pdf?arnumber=11275864","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T21:59:29Z","timestamp":1768255169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11275864\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":46,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tifs.2025.3639885","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6013","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-6021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}